Science:新技术揭秘“蛋白质翻译”的真相

2015-03-24 叶予 生物通

Yeshiva大学的科学家们开发了一个新荧光标记技术,首次确定了蛋白质合成的时间和地点。该技术允许研究者在活细胞中直接观察mRNA分子翻译成蛋白质的过程,有助于揭示蛋白质合成异常引发人类疾病的具体机制。这项研究发表在三月二十日的Science杂志上。“过去我们一直没能确切查明mRNA翻译成蛋白质的时间和地点,”Robert H. Singer教授说,他是这项研究的领导者之一。“这种信息对于研究疾病

Yeshiva大学的科学家们开发了一个新荧光标记技术,首次确定了蛋白质合成的时间和地点。该技术允许研究者在活细胞中直接观察mRNA分子翻译成蛋白质的过程,有助于揭示蛋白质合成异常引发人类疾病的具体机制。这项研究发表在三月二十日的Science杂志上。

“过去我们一直没能确切查明mRNA翻译成蛋白质的时间和地点,”Robert H. Singer教授说,他是这项研究的领导者之一。“这种信息对于研究疾病的分子基础很关键,比如说脑细胞的蛋白合成失调如何导致神经退行性疾病中的记忆缺陷。”

蛋白质合成的指令编码在细胞核内的基因中。从这些指令到真正的蛋白质,需要经过转录和翻译这两个步骤。在转录过程中mRNA“读取”基因的DNA序列。随后这些mRNA从细胞核移动到细胞质与核糖体汇合,作为模板进行蛋白合成的第二步——翻译。

为了观察翻译过程,Dr. Singer及其同事利用了第一轮翻译开始时的一个关键事件:核糖体取代mRNA上的RNA结合蛋白。研究人员给mRNA分子标记上绿色和红色两个荧光蛋白。在mRNA生成的细胞核内,带有两种荧光蛋白的mRNA表现为黄色。在进入细胞质以后,mRNA的颜色就取决于它们的命运。

当mRNA与核糖体结合时,核糖体取代mRNA的绿色荧光蛋白。结果是结合核糖体并准备翻译蛋白质的mRNA呈现红色,而所有未翻译的mRNA呈现黄色。研究人员将这一技术命名为TRICK(Translating RNA Imaging by Coat protein Knock-off)。

为了测试这一技术的实用性,研究人员在果蝇卵母细胞中检测了oskar mRNA表达的时间和地点。果蝇是研究人类疾病的常用模型,而oskar对于果蝇胚胎的正常发育非常关键。研究人员给oskar mRNA标记上红色和绿色荧光蛋白,并将其插入果蝇卵母细胞的细胞核。

“我们看到,oskar mRNA到达卵母细胞后极才开始翻译,”Dr. Singer说。“我们之前曾经这样推测过,而现在我们有了决定性的证据。研究者们可以用TRICK技术在果蝇发育过程中剖析mRNA翻译所需的一系列调控事件。”

研究人员还发现,mRNA走出细胞核之后没有马上开始蛋白质翻译, 而是进入细胞质几分钟之后才开始翻译。“我们从来不知道存在这样一段时间,”Dr. Singer说。“这是TRICK带来的又一个新知识。”

原始出处:

James M. Halstead1,*, Timothée Lionnet2,3,4,*, Johannes H. Wilbertz1,5,*, Frank Wippich6,*, Anne Ephrussi6,†, Robert H. Singer2,3,4,†, Jeffrey A. Chao1,2,†.An RNA biosensor for imaging the first round of translation from single cells to living animals.Science 20 March 2015: Vol.347 no.6228 pp.1367-1671. DOI:10.1126/science.aaa3380.

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    2015-03-26 jichang
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1765551, encodeId=c57c1e655510f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=252ae1803a3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#白质#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71803, encryptionId=252ae1803a3, topicName=白质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Fri Jul 03 02:22:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1903685, encodeId=65c5190368599, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be285836438' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新技术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58364, encryptionId=be285836438, topicName=新技术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d39f177, createdName=lixiao3326, createdTime=Sun Mar 29 05:22:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1296910, encodeId=41ba129691066, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=158288e017c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#蛋白质#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88701, encryptionId=158288e017c, topicName=蛋白质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Thu Mar 26 05:22:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375012, encodeId=4cdd13e5012ea, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Thu Mar 26 05:22:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18853, encodeId=1d5b1885342, content=成果巨大, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=118, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=DDWSS, createdTime=Wed Mar 25 00:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-03-25 DDWSS

    成果巨大

    0