Peter Thiel押注的这家黑马公司,让40年没有进展的小细胞肺癌治疗,乍现希望

2017-01-09 佚名 奇点网

大约一周前,一个大学好友突然告诉我,他父亲被诊断为肺癌。他看我朋友圈都是些重磅进展,就问我是不是知道有效的治疗方法。在一番问候之后,我问他有没有让他父亲做基因检测,他说有这个打算。然后我让他赶紧带爸爸去做,同时给他说了一堆靶向治疗药物,以及Merck的Keytruda,和罗氏的Tecentriq。他沉默了一会儿,然后告诉我他父亲患的是晚期小细胞肺癌,已经出现耐药了。小细胞肺癌!为啥偏偏是小细胞



大约一周前,一个大学好友突然告诉我,他父亲被诊断为肺癌。他看我朋友圈都是些重磅进展,就问我是不是知道有效的治疗方法。在一番问候之后,我问他有没有让他父亲做基因检测,他说有这个打算。然后我让他赶紧带爸爸去做,同时给他说了一堆靶向治疗药物,以及Merck的Keytruda,和罗氏的Tecentriq。


他沉默了一会儿,然后告诉我他父亲患的是晚期小细胞肺癌,已经出现耐药了。小细胞肺癌!为啥偏偏是小细胞肺癌。

实际上,小细胞肺癌是被列入疑难杂症之列的大魔头,因为这个发病率占所有肺癌15%左右的「小众」癌种,导致的死亡竟然占到所有肺癌的25%以上,一旦确诊,5年存活率小于5%(Joshi et al. 2013)。更可怕的是,治疗小细胞肺癌已经近40年没有新的疗法出现了,所有的靶向药物都没有取得成功(Sharp et al. 2016)。目前治疗复发性小细胞肺癌,只有GSK在2007年获得FDA批准的化学药物topotecan。




2002年,一场类似的对话发生在Brian Slingerland和Scott Dylla之间。Slingerland的两个亲人因为癌症离世,其中一位患的就是小细胞肺癌。Slingerland问在研究肿瘤的Dylla博士,「癌症能治愈吗?」Dylla说,「可以,我们只需摧毁肿瘤干细胞。」


六年之后的2008年,为了治愈癌症的梦想,有金融学背景的Slingerland,拉着肿瘤学专家Dylla(任首席科学官)和拥有MBA的Daniel T. Reiner,三人在美国湾区共同组建了Stemcentrx,他们想通过消灭肿瘤干细胞治愈癌症。对于一家初创公司而言,这个想法是疯狂的,因为肿瘤干细胞学说在学界还存在较大争议,并没有形成共识。这是一场狂赌。


然而,与他们治疗癌症的疯狂想法相比,他们做事的风格却极其低调。在2015年之前,很少有人知道Stemcentrx的存在,因为他们没有官方网站,也没有新闻报道。然而,即使是低调如Stemcentrx的公司,还是吸引了大神Peter Thiel的关注,Thiel下辖的Founders Fund给Stemcentrx投了2亿美元,是Thiel在其他25家生物技术公司投资总额的3倍。2015年8月,Stemcentrx又获得由Fidelity领投的2.5亿美元,市值飙升到50亿美元。几乎所有人都认为Stemcentrx离IPO不远了。



Scott Dylla博士(图:researchgate.net)


巨额融资的背后,是他们踏实的科学研究。Dylla带领公司科研团队找到了小细胞肺癌的肿瘤干细胞标志物DLL3蛋白(成人的健康细胞表面没有,肿瘤干细胞表面有),并成功研发出靶向该蛋白的药物SC16LD6.5(Rovalpituzumab tesirine,Rova-T)。2015年8月,Dylla团队在《科学》旗下著名期刊《转化医学》发表了他们这一重磅研究成果(Saunders et al. 2015)。实际上,他们已经在两年前就默默地开启了I期临床研究。


Rova-T是一种抗体药物偶联物(antibody-drug conjugate ,ADC),是单克隆抗体与毒素(Pyrrolobenzodiazepines)的结合物,抗体负责结合表面携带DLL3蛋白的肿瘤干细胞,毒素负责破坏癌细胞的DNA,最终导致肿瘤干细胞死亡。Dylla在论文中表示,Rova-T可以有效的靶向并摧毁DLL3蛋白表达量高的肿瘤起源细胞(Tumor-initiating cells ,TICs;包括肿瘤干细胞在内),是治疗小细胞肺癌的全新药物(first-in-class)。这一研究也初步证明利用肿瘤干细胞学说治疗癌症或许是可行的



抗体药物偶联物示意图(图:http://molecularbiologynews.org/)


于此同时,于2013年7月开启的Rova-T治疗小细胞肺癌I期临床研究,82名志愿者全部入组,其中有74名患者是小细胞肺癌患者。在此期间,Stemcentrx也在断断续续公布一些初步的临床数据,这也大大的促进了它融资的进程。


2016年4月28日,在外围对Stemcentrx垂涎已久的制药巨头AbbVie对外宣布,AbbVie将斥资58亿美元收购由风险投资支撑的Stemcentrx,以加强AbbVie的抗癌药物组合。如若Stemcentrx的药物达到里程碑,将会有另外40亿美元入账。据悉,这是风投支撑公司历史上第二大收购案。交易完成之后,风投大神Thiel和他的基金收获17亿美元。


Stemcentrx的生产车间(图:technologyreview.com)

如果说Slingerland和Dylla创办Stemcentrx是狂赌,那AbbVie此次斥巨资收购的疯狂之举,简直找不到合适的词来形容。风险之大,可想而知。


今年1月初,顶级医学期刊《新英格兰医学期刊》全文刊登了Rova-T治疗小细胞肺癌的I期临床研究结果(Rudin et al. 2016)。虽然这个I期临床研究主要是为了检验Rova-T的安全性和有效剂量,但是里面隐含的初步数据还是让AbbVie和小细胞肺癌患者看到了一线希望。


本次历时近3年临床研究,由纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心的Charles M Rudin教授领导。一共招募了74名小细胞肺癌患者,这些志愿者在进组前均接受了一线或者二线治疗。研究表明,患者对Rova-T的最大耐受为每3周0.4mg/kg。根据这个结果,Rudin教授团队认为,在后续的II期临床实验中,推荐给药量为每6周0.3mg/kg



Charles M Rudin教授(图:vimeo.com)


既然已经证明Rova-T是安全的,而且找到了合适的给药量。那是不是可以稍稍利用下这次的临床数据,窥探一下Rova-T是不是真的有效呢?


于是,Rudin教授团队结合研究成果,和患者的用药情况,发现有60名患者的给药量在推荐给药的有效范围之内。于是Rudin教授团队就利用这部分数据对Rova-T的疗效做了个整体的评估。他们发现,有11名患者(18%)有明确的客观响应(肿瘤缩小),41名患者(68%)的疾病得到了控制(肿瘤不再变大)。中位无进展生存期为2.8个月(2.5-4.0),中位总生存期为4.6个月(3.9-7.1)。在随访一段时间后,Rudin教授团队发现39名对化疗敏感的患者1年存活率为17%,30名对化疗产生耐药性的患者1年存活率在21%左右。


既然是靶向DLL3蛋白的药物,研究人员最关心的还是DLL3蛋白高表达(50%的肿瘤细胞表面出现DLL3蛋白)的患者的表现?于是Rudin教授团队又从这74名患者中找出了给药量在有效范围之内,且DLL3蛋白高表达的小细胞肺癌患者,一共是26名。


在这26名DLL3蛋白高表达的患者中,10名患者(38%)具有确定的客观反应,23名患者(88%)病情得到了控制,无进展生存期为4.3个月(2.8-5.6),中位总生存期为5.8个月(4.4-11.6)。 


而在8名DLL3蛋白低表达患者的小亚组中,没有患者对Rova-T表现出明确的客观响应,只有4名患者(50%)病情得到了控制,中位无进展生存期为2.2个月(1.3-2.5 ),中位总生存期为2.7个月(1.2-10)。


显然,从初步的数据来看,尽管治疗效果不是特别sexy,Rova-T还是值得期待的。尤其是在比较DLL3蛋白高表达的患者与DLL3蛋白低表达的患者对Rova-T的反应时,证明DLL3蛋白的确是小细胞肺癌的潜在标志物。这的确给小细胞肺癌的治疗指出了一个新的方向。


据AbbVie透露,它正在向FDA给Rova-T申请各种称号。同时AbbVie还与BMS展开合作,计划利用免疫检查点抑制剂Opdivo与Rova-T联合治疗小细胞肺癌。如果没有意外的话,乐观预计Rova-T会在2018年面市。

原始出处:

Joshi, M., (2013). Small-Cell Lung Cancer: An Update on Targeted Therapies. Impact of Genetic Targets on Cancer Therapy. W. S. El-Deiry. New York, NY, Springer New York: 385-404.


Rudin, C. M., (2016). Rovalpituzumab tesirine, a DLL3-targeted antibody-drug conjugate, in recurrent small-cell lung cancer: a first-in-human, first-in-class, open-label, phase 1 study. The Lancet Oncology 18(1): 42-51.


Saunders, L. R., (2015). A DLL3-targeted antibody-drug conjugate eradicates high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor-initiating cells in vivo. Science Translational Medicine 7(302): 302ra136-302ra136.


Sharp, A., (2016). Development of molecularly targeted agents and immunotherapies in small cell lung cancer. European Journal of Cancer 60: 26-39.

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    2017-10-12 feather89
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734855, encodeId=654a1e3485518, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb82822328e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肺癌治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82232, encryptionId=eb82822328e, topicName=肺癌治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=267533842346, createdName=马龙, createdTime=Fri Jan 13 14:07:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1726271, encodeId=88551e2627157, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Thu Oct 12 19:07:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1331054, encodeId=6e3b1331054ed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=15e2140e438' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14074, encryptionId=15e2140e438, topicName=PET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTI5PdY90y5Jib8FnPhCXTR2d9v3K17epNSwB2eb0vmXUldNJl2e72S4unZTAHLAojicdVSialTDFHAxA/132, createdBy=78d82500042, createdName=ms7514935887898259, createdTime=Wed Jan 11 00:07:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169104, encodeId=3bb21691049d, content=学习了,分享了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Mon Jan 09 13:28:59 CST 2017, time=2017-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169055, encodeId=3871169055d1, content=Rova-T可以有效的靶向并摧毁DLL3蛋白表达量高的肿瘤起源细胞(Tumor-initiatingcells,TICs;包括肿瘤干细胞在内),是治疗小细胞肺癌的全新药物(first-in-class)。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Jan 09 10:41:29 CST 2017, time=2017-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169053, encodeId=51b6169053fe, content=Rova-T是一种抗体药物偶联物(antibody-drugconjugate,ADC),是单克隆抗体与毒素(Pyrrolobenzodiazepines)的结合物, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Jan 09 10:39:10 CST 2017, time=2017-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-01-09 虈亣靌

    学习了,分享了。

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734855, encodeId=654a1e3485518, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb82822328e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肺癌治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82232, encryptionId=eb82822328e, topicName=肺癌治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=267533842346, createdName=马龙, createdTime=Fri Jan 13 14:07:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1726271, encodeId=88551e2627157, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Thu Oct 12 19:07:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1331054, encodeId=6e3b1331054ed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=15e2140e438' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14074, encryptionId=15e2140e438, topicName=PET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTI5PdY90y5Jib8FnPhCXTR2d9v3K17epNSwB2eb0vmXUldNJl2e72S4unZTAHLAojicdVSialTDFHAxA/132, createdBy=78d82500042, createdName=ms7514935887898259, createdTime=Wed Jan 11 00:07:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169104, encodeId=3bb21691049d, content=学习了,分享了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Mon Jan 09 13:28:59 CST 2017, time=2017-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169055, encodeId=3871169055d1, content=Rova-T可以有效的靶向并摧毁DLL3蛋白表达量高的肿瘤起源细胞(Tumor-initiatingcells,TICs;包括肿瘤干细胞在内),是治疗小细胞肺癌的全新药物(first-in-class)。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Jan 09 10:41:29 CST 2017, time=2017-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169053, encodeId=51b6169053fe, content=Rova-T是一种抗体药物偶联物(antibody-drugconjugate,ADC),是单克隆抗体与毒素(Pyrrolobenzodiazepines)的结合物, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Jan 09 10:39:10 CST 2017, time=2017-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-01-09 jetleo

    Rova-T可以有效的靶向并摧毁DLL3蛋白表达量高的肿瘤起源细胞(Tumor-initiatingcells,TICs;包括肿瘤干细胞在内),是治疗小细胞肺癌的全新药物(first-in-class)。

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734855, encodeId=654a1e3485518, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb82822328e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肺癌治疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82232, encryptionId=eb82822328e, topicName=肺癌治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=267533842346, createdName=马龙, createdTime=Fri Jan 13 14:07:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1726271, encodeId=88551e2627157, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Thu Oct 12 19:07:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1331054, encodeId=6e3b1331054ed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=15e2140e438' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14074, encryptionId=15e2140e438, topicName=PET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTI5PdY90y5Jib8FnPhCXTR2d9v3K17epNSwB2eb0vmXUldNJl2e72S4unZTAHLAojicdVSialTDFHAxA/132, createdBy=78d82500042, createdName=ms7514935887898259, createdTime=Wed Jan 11 00:07:00 CST 2017, time=2017-01-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169104, encodeId=3bb21691049d, content=学习了,分享了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zMoyicyo6ia9f4IuLQAwZoxD6Hx4ibd5CMcOCYhStY6oDibbKK6O2X8iaicldO5ib8j1iapOIobIKCGiczU2A/0, createdBy=56251941490, createdName=虈亣靌, createdTime=Mon Jan 09 13:28:59 CST 2017, time=2017-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169055, encodeId=3871169055d1, content=Rova-T可以有效的靶向并摧毁DLL3蛋白表达量高的肿瘤起源细胞(Tumor-initiatingcells,TICs;包括肿瘤干细胞在内),是治疗小细胞肺癌的全新药物(first-in-class)。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Jan 09 10:41:29 CST 2017, time=2017-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=169053, encodeId=51b6169053fe, content=Rova-T是一种抗体药物偶联物(antibody-drugconjugate,ADC),是单克隆抗体与毒素(Pyrrolobenzodiazepines)的结合物, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4bfa83595, createdName=jetleo, createdTime=Mon Jan 09 10:39:10 CST 2017, time=2017-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-01-09 jetleo

    Rova-T是一种抗体药物偶联物(antibody-drugconjugate,ADC),是单克隆抗体与毒素(Pyrrolobenzodiazepines)的结合物

    0

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研究背景:SBRT已经成为不能耐受手术的早期非小细胞肺癌患者的一种标准治疗方案,2到3年的肿瘤局部控制率在93%到98%之间。通过肿瘤本身及治疗相关因素,可以预测其治疗的失败率,比如肿瘤大小和较低的放疗剂量。但是,非小细胞癌包括几种病理类型,不同病理类型是否影响治疗效果呢?方法:分析2003年至2015年符合条件的740例早期NSCLC患者,临床分期在T1N0M0 -T3N0M0,腺癌患者24