[脑转移]立体定向还是全脑放疗?看看临床医生交出的答卷

2017-03-15 Roxanne Nelson Medscape.com.

转移的治疗在过去的十年间有所进步,立体定向放射治疗(SRS)的使用越来越多。部分专家对于其是否能代替全脑放疗(WBRT)作为脑转移的标准治疗,仍存在争议。

脑转移的治疗在过去的十年间有所进步,立体定向放射治疗(SRS)的使用越来越多。部分专家对于其是否能代替全脑放疗(WBRT)作为脑转移的标准治疗,仍存在争议。

随着SRS的普及,各大指南中关于SRS的信息仍比较有限。

特别是在脑转移灶超过3处患者的最佳治疗策略上,并未达成共识,而且临床实践模式差异非常大。

已发布的指南中,关于脑转移最佳治疗策略的内容集中在转移病灶≤3处的患者。

随着立体定向放射治疗(SRS)技术的改善,放射医生开始将其用于转移病灶>3处的患者。

WBRT or SRS?

在使用WBRT与SRS间出现了越来越多的争议:SRS更精确、毒性更小、更方便,是否能代替WBRT,至少是在治疗转移灶数量较少的患者时使用。

第一项对比SRS与WBRT的随机试验产生了混合结果:总生存类似,但两种方法各有利弊。举例来说,SRS为患者放疗后认知损伤更小,但WBRT在脑转移瘤的局部控制方面更佳。

作为他们第二次“明智选择”运动的一部分,美国放射肿瘤学学会(ASTRO)建议,肿瘤医师不用常规使用WBRT辅助SRS治疗局部脑转移,因大多数患者单用SRS已足够。

对于有良好状态表现的实体瘤脑转移患者,来自随机临床研究的数据显示,WBRT辅助SRS与单独SRS相比无总生存获益。

且WBRT辅助SRS与认知功能减退、患者自我报告疲乏和生活质量相关。

然而,ASTRO的声明并未明确给出转移病灶的数量临界值,且部分专家表示,因数值模糊,使SRS在患者中广泛使用。

研究背景

近期一项研究中,研究者探寻临床医生的选择习惯,从而对该领域的争议内容进行确定。

研究者指出,近期发布的指南对于脑转移灶3~4个的患者具有详细的指导。但是随着SRS技术的改善和医师们对于这项技术掌握熟练程度的提升,更多的脑转移患者开始接受SRS治疗。

如美国国家癌症综合网(NCCN)等机构发布的指南中SRS应用范围受限;与之相反,对于SRS和WBRT的选择往往在于临床医生的判断。

但如果转移灶达到4个或5个,就没有明确的证据。无循证医学证据支持转移灶临界数目值是危险的。

该研究通过邮件分发给在职肿瘤放射医师调查表进行调查。于2016年4月1日~5日收集反馈。对调查数据进行分析。

主要结果

研究中,研究者观察了临床医师在治疗使用SRS治疗脑转移的临床习惯。

共711位肿瘤放射医师进行了反馈,反馈率为12.5%。调查询问他们两种治疗方式(SRS和WBRT)的理想临界转移灶数量及哪些患者队列的治疗挑战性最大。

调查对受访者提出了一系列临床场景,涉及脑转移患者,要求他们选择一种治疗方式。

举例来说,在一个场景中,临床医师如何治疗一名初诊脑转移病灶<3cm的患者,且原发肿瘤不属于小细胞,白血病,淋巴瘤,或生殖细胞来源。

相比于非CNS专家,CNS专家更愿意选择SRS或SRS联合WBRT。

研究者也发现在临界转移数量和每月治疗患者数量之间关系的一个趋势,但该趋势只在CNS专家中才有。

在诊疗患者人数较多的专家和非专家相比,临界转移数量的差异达到统计学意义,但是临床类型(学术 vs 非学术)与临界转移数量不相关。

对于受访者的另一个问题是,将治疗新确诊脑转移患者时,影响选择WBRT及SRS的最重要因素进行排名。

“转移灶数量”作为最重要的因素排名第一,“患者是否方便”被选为最后一名。

受访者也选择了在做出治疗决策时,他们认为最具有挑战性的患者队列。

大部分(342位受访者,56%)选择了有4~6处转移灶的患者,而排名第二(107位受访者选择,17%)为7~9处转移灶的患者。

当比较学术与非学术之间的反馈时,CNS专家 vs 非CNS专家,大量接诊vs 较少接诊及最少接诊量的受访者之间,组间差异并无统计学意义。

与患者量较少的中枢神经系统专家(5~9 例/月)及患者量较多的非CNS专家相比,患者量较多的CNS专家(≥10 例/月)的临界转移数量明显较高,分别为5.6、5.1、8.1。

中枢神经系统肿瘤专家(CNS)可能较多使用SRS治疗脑转移数量更多的患者。

结语

就研究者所知,在关于>3处脑转移患者的最佳治疗策略并未达成共识。

肿瘤放射医师,特别是患者较多的CNS医师,正在比指南推荐更多的使用SRS治疗脑转移。

来自加利福尼亚UCLA Jonsson综合肿瘤中心的主要研究者Percy Lee博士表示:这个领域有很多争议,但不管怎样都没有足够的证据。需要更多坚实的临床证据来对临床决策进行指导。

Dr Lee指出:“部分接受SRS的患者最终确实仍需要进行WBRT。所以我们需要继续探究如何使≥3处转移灶的患者避免WBRT的应用。”

“可能有某种患者相关、病理相关的预测因子或生物标记物,能够显示脑转移瘤的风险。那将会非常有帮助。”

“如果有标记物显示患者处于高风险中,那么全脑放疗是正确选择。我们需要比仅仅一个数值更有帮助的东西,因为在这个时代,单单凭借一个模糊数值已经过时。”

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    2018-01-24 liao1632
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    2017-03-15 cqykthl

    没有临床研究来证实哪种方法更能获益

    0

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    2017-03-15 xiaotaiyang1

    看看了解一下

    0

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    2017-03-15 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章不错,值得分享

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1986489, encodeId=7ce719864890e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=160be5596d3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#立体定向#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75596, encryptionId=160be5596d3, topicName=立体定向)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e87531, createdName=klivis, createdTime=Fri Feb 23 05:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1769011, encodeId=64251e690119a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d7674593e05' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#定向#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45937, encryptionId=d7674593e05, topicName=定向)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=920637977772, createdName=liao1632, createdTime=Wed Jan 24 23:44:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1971067, encodeId=bda519e1067b8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9e3f29635e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#全脑放疗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29635, encryptionId=9e3f29635e3, topicName=全脑放疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1f1d390, createdName=feifers, createdTime=Sun Apr 02 04:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1554765, encodeId=4f1c1554e6588, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=550522e2957' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床医生#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22729, encryptionId=550522e2957, topicName=临床医生)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Fri Mar 17 00:44:00 CST 2017, time=2017-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180081, encodeId=f740180081f9, content=没有临床研究来证实哪种方法更能获益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdicLmdJEK9VoiaDianY6fzHNN9iaGv80m39pMHU3eSnNN0kn1o0rdQ7Bz2f03Qibcf1ia7rKvxIt4UVlErF2d4gCmDC5/0, createdBy=98e31740255, createdName=cqykthl, createdTime=Wed Mar 15 12:23:16 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180070, encodeId=c02a1800e088, content=看看了解一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=90f31612316, createdName=xiaotaiyang1, createdTime=Wed Mar 15 11:49:55 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180065, encodeId=d79a180065e1, content=文章不错,值得分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Mar 15 11:09:47 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=180060, encodeId=0f13180060c1, content=Xox you , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d0c42027282, createdName=这个杀手丶有点冷, createdTime=Wed Mar 15 10:53:41 CST 2017, time=2017-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-03-15 这个杀手丶有点冷

    Xox you

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