Neurosurgery:椎间孔镜微创治疗骨性椎间孔狭窄

2014-05-09 佚名 丁香园

腰椎间孔或侧隐窝狭窄的传统手术方法,可以归类为伴随或不伴随骨融合的全椎骨关节面切除术,和保持小关节的显微椎间孔切开减压术。全椎骨关节面切除术往往导致脊柱节段性不稳定和背痛。随着微创技术的发展,多位作者已经报告过,使用内窥镜技术来治疗腰椎间孔狭窄,但是这些技术的实际应用,都受限于柔软的椎间盘突出症。【原文下载】 韩国首尔的我立德脊柱医院神经外科的Yong Ahn博士进行了一项研究,提示局麻下经

腰椎间孔或侧隐窝狭窄的传统手术方法,可以归类为伴随或不伴随骨融合的全椎骨关节面切除术,和保持小关节的显微椎间孔切开减压术。全椎骨关节面切除术往往导致脊柱节段性不稳定和背痛。随着微创技术的发展,多位作者已经报告过,使用内窥镜技术来治疗腰椎间孔狭窄,但是这些技术的实际应用,都受限于柔软的椎间盘突出症。【原文下载】

韩国首尔的我立德脊柱医院神经外科的Yong Ahn博士进行了一项研究,提示局麻下经皮穿刺内窥镜下腰椎间孔切开减压术,是治疗骨性椎间孔狭窄的一个有效的手术方法,文章最近发表在Neurosurgery上。

该研究的目的是,描述适用于骨性椎间孔狭窄的、经皮穿刺内窥镜下腰椎间孔切开减压术这项技术的详细信息,同时阐述其临床效果。该研究是一项持续2年的前瞻性研究,纳入了连续的33例腰椎椎间孔狭窄患者,这些患者都接受了内窥镜下腰椎间孔切开减压术。

手术效果的评估,使用疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、 Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)和改良MacNab标准。手术过程开始于更安全的椎间孔外侧区域,而不是风险较高的椎间孔内侧区域。然后,可以使用内镜钻和微型钳在内镜控制下实行全面的椎间孔减压。


图 1 手术过程示意图及术中相对应的透视图和内镜影像图。A.椎间孔减压时工作套管放置在椎间孔外侧。B.使用内镜钻磨除椎间孔顶部骨质部分。C.复杂的椎间孔减压使用各种工具,包括钳子、 镊子和激光。注意出行神经根减压时使用的微型钳。D.椎间孔全面减压后的最终视图。注意减压的出行神经根和侧隐窝的位置。Endoscopic burr:内镜钻;Foraminal ligament:孔间韧带; Exiting nerve root:出行神经根;Micro punch:微型钳;Decompressed exiting nerve root:减压的出行神经根;Annulotomy Hole:侧隐窝。


该研究纳入18例女性患者和15例男性患者,平均年龄是64.2岁。术后腿部疼痛的平均疼痛视觉模拟评分逐渐提高,从开始的8.36分,提高至6 周时3.36分、 1 年时2.03 分和2 年时1.97 分。术后Oswestry功能障碍指数得到改善,从开始的65.8,至6周时31.6,1年时19.7 和2年时19.3。

图 2 一例78岁女性患者的情况说明。A.术前磁共振图像显示,右侧L5-S1水平严重的椎间孔狭窄。B.术后磁共振图像显示,内窥镜下椎间孔切开减压术后,椎间孔得到全面的减压(箭头所示)

图 3一例67岁男性患者的情况说明。A.术前 MR 和 CT 图像显示,左侧L4-5水平,伴随椎间盘突出症和关节突夹击症候群的严重椎间孔狭窄。B.术后 MR 和 CT 图像显示,内窥镜下椎间孔切开减压术后,顶部完整磨除的椎间孔和可视的出行神经根。

基于改良MacNab标准,81.8%的病人获得了优或良的临床结果,同时93.9%的病人获得了症状的改善。

研究结果提示,局麻下经皮穿刺内窥镜下腰椎间孔切开减压术,可能是治疗椎间孔狭窄的一个有效的手术方法。特别是对于老年人或合并基础内科疾病的患者,此手术方法可以提供安全的和可重复的临床结局。这项手术技术的临床可行性非常大,逐渐成为标准化治疗,值得进一步推广使用。

原始出处:

Ahn Y1, Oh HK, Kim H, Lee SH, Lee HN.Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminotomy: An Advanced Surgical Technique and Clinical Outcomes.Neurosurgery. 2014 Mar 31. [Epub ahead of print]【原文下载】

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    2014-05-11 vera_1203
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    2014-05-11 lsndxfj

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