Ann Intern Med:尿失禁非药物治疗的临床指南(全科医生必看)

2014-09-29 何Jason 医学专业新闻

本临床指南由美国内科医师学会(ACP)的专家小组编写,目标人群为尿失禁女性患者,目标读者为内科医师、全科医师和其它临床医师。背景资料尿失禁(UI)的主要症状为尿液不自主流出。数据显示,年轻女性(14~21岁)的UI患病率约为25%,中年和绝经后妇女(40~60岁)约为44%~57%,75岁以上老年女性则高达75%。这些数据可能被严重低估,因为有研究报道,约有一半的UI患者不会寻求治疗。尿失禁与巨大

本临床指南由美国内科医师学会(ACP)的专家小组编写,目标人群为尿失禁女性患者,目标读者为内科医师、全科医师和其它临床医师。[pdf free]

背景资料

尿失禁(UI)的主要症状为尿液不自主流出。数据显示,年轻女性(14~21岁)的UI患病率约为25%,中年和绝经后妇女(40~60岁)约为44%~57%,75岁以上老年女性则高达75%。这些数据可能被严重低估,因为有研究报道,约有一半的UI患者不会寻求治疗。

尿失禁与巨大的医疗费用负担有关:在2004年,美国政府为UI患者支付了195亿的医疗费用。

UI分为两种类型:压力性尿失禁和急迫性尿失禁。压力性尿失禁为腹压突然增加时尿道括约肌失效,当患者大笑或咳嗽时尿液不自主流出。急迫性尿失禁患者可突然出现强烈尿意,但失去自主控制能力,导致尿液排出。

此外还存在混合性UI的情况(老年人更常见),为上述两种分型的合体。膀胱过度活动症则为包括尿急症在内的一系列症状,但常伴有尿频和夜尿。

关于尿失禁的诊断

由于大部分尿失禁患者在就诊时不会提及这些症状,临床医师应常规、主动地进行关于尿失禁的问诊。问诊内容包括:尿失禁是否造成困扰?何时开始发作?发作的频率?有什么症状?

容易患有尿失禁的人群包括:65岁以上的妇女、需要接受家庭或安老院护理的人群。

下诊断前需要排除可以引起尿急的疾病:尿路感染;代谢综合征;摄入过量液体;以及心理疾病。

关于尿失禁的治疗

建议1:ACP推荐,压力性尿失禁患者应选择盆底肌肉锻炼作为一线治疗方案。(强烈推荐,高质量证据)

建议2:ACP推荐,急迫性尿失禁患者应选择膀胱锻炼。(强烈推荐;中等质量证据)

建议3:ACP建议,混合性尿失禁患者应选择盆底肌肉锻炼+膀胱锻炼。(强烈建议,中等治疗证据)

建议4:针对压力性尿失禁,ACP反对给予全身药物治疗。(强烈推荐;低质量证据)

建议5:对于急迫性尿失禁患者,如果膀胱锻炼未达到治疗效果,则可考虑药物治疗。临床医生应根据药物的耐受性、不良反应、使用方便程度和费用等综合考虑。(强烈推荐;高质量证据)

建议6:对于肥胖的尿失禁患者,ACP建议减重和体育锻炼。(强烈推荐;中等质量证据)


原始出处:

Qaseem A, Dallas P, Forciea MA, Starkey M, Denberg TD, Shekelle P; Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians.Nonsurgical management of urinary incontinence in women: a clinical practice guideline from the american college of physicians.Ann Intern Med. 2014 Sep 16;161(6):429-40. doi: 10.7326/M13-2410.[pdf free]

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    2015-08-01 sundong

    这样的患者比较痛苦

    0

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    2015-04-11 x35042875

    AKI对心衰临床治疗意义重大,但依然需要研究检验其适用性

    0

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