ALK+非小细胞肺癌:罗氏在肿瘤领域的又一封王之地

2017-03-21 佚名 新浪医药新闻

罗氏在乳腺癌领域的统治力不言而喻,3月3日宣布到达终点的里程碑式APHINITY研究更是让罗氏在HER2+乳腺癌领域的优势显得牢不可破。除了乳腺癌之外,罗氏在ALK+非小细胞肺癌这一领域也渐显王者之相。 与大家熟知的EGFR(表皮生长因子受体)一样,ALK(间变性淋巴瘤激酶)也是非小细胞肺癌患者比较常见的一个治疗靶点,不过ALK突变阳性患者只占全部NSCLC患者的3%~5%左右,要远低于EG

罗氏在乳腺癌领域的统治力不言而喻,3月3日宣布到达终点的里程碑式APHINITY研究更是让罗氏在HER2+乳腺癌领域的优势显得牢不可破。除了乳腺癌之外,罗氏在ALK+非小细胞肺癌这一领域也渐显王者之相。

与大家熟知的EGFR(表皮生长因子受体)一样,ALK(间变性淋巴瘤激酶)也是非小细胞肺癌患者比较常见的一个治疗靶点,不过ALK突变阳性患者只占全部NSCLC患者的3%~5%左右,要远低于EGFR突变患者所占的比例,美国每年确诊的ALK+NSCLC患者大约1万例,但是ALK+NSCLC患者大多数对化疗药物无响应,预后非常差。

辉瑞的Xalkori(克唑替尼)是全球首个上市的针对ALK突变的肺癌靶向药物,2011年8月26日被FDA批准治疗ALK阳性晚期NSCLC,并迅速成为ALK+NSCLC患者的标准用药。不过大多数ALK+患者在使用克唑替尼1年后会产生耐药,发生肿瘤脑转移的患者也非常多见,而克唑替尼无法透过血脑屏障发挥作用。

FDA在2014年4月和2015年12月又分别批准了诺华Zykadia(色瑞替尼)和罗氏Alecensa(alectinib)这2款ALK+肺癌靶向药物,但由于只是作为克唑替尼治疗不耐受或疾病进展的二线用药,一时间对克唑替尼的市场份额还未造成太大威胁。Xalkori和Zykadia销售额见下图(单位:百万美元)。


来源:医药魔方销售数据库

在去年12月的世界肺癌大会上,诺华Zykadia大放异彩,一线治疗ALK+NSCLC患者相比化疗(培美曲塞+顺铂/卡铂)可使PFS延长8.5个月(16.6 vs 8.1个月);在未发生脑转移的患者中,PFS更是延长长达18个月(26.3 vs 8.3个月),在发生脑转移的患者中个,PFS延长4个月(10.7 vs 6.7个月);Zykadia由此被FDA授予了治疗脑转移患者的突破性药物资格,作为这类患者一线或二线用药的上市申请有望在未来几个月获得批准。


ALK抑制剂临床数据对比

*:与化疗比较; **:与克唑替尼比较

罗氏Alecensa同样是作为二线用药上市,上市时间比诺华Zykadia稍晚了一些,但临床数据更霸气一些。去年肺癌大会上公布的J-Alex的临床数据显示,Alecensa一线治疗组PFS已经超过了20个月,但中位PFS数据尚未成熟,而克唑替尼对照组的中位PFS为10.2个月,这意味着Alecensa相比克唑替尼可使死亡风险降低66%。

在J-Alex研究中,Alecensa二线治疗还取得了极高的颅内应答率。罗氏在未来几周会公布与合作伙伴Chugai一起开展的Alex研究的关键数据,业界对其期待甚高。

ALK抑制剂销售额预测


来源: EvaluatePharma

根据EvaluatePharma的预测,Alecensa的市场份额在2018年可以反超Zykadia,并在2020年左右反超Xalkori,成为ALK+NSCLC领域最卖座的药物。实际上Xalkori还被批准用于ROS-1突变的NSCLC患者,单纯就ALK来说,Alecensa封王的时间或许还能再提前一些。

在大力看好罗氏Alecensa作为黑马杀出的同时,也不能忽视Ariad公司的brigatinib,它同样有非常优秀的二线治疗数据。Takeda花费52亿美元收购Ariad到底是否值得现在还没法下结论,需要等2018年底brigatinib一线治疗ALK+NSCLC的Alta-1L研究公布初步结果时才好判断。但不管如何,由于brigatinib开发进度相对较慢,对Alecensa在ALK+NSCLC这一小领域的登顶之路不会造成太大阻碍。

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    2021-11-09 湘雅科教

    已拜读,受益匪浅。

    0

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    2018-02-15 tcm99hq
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    2017-04-02 jyzxjiangqin

    肿瘤治疗领域的一大进展。

    0

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