糖尿病新药Dapagliflozin被FDA否决

2012-01-19 MedSci MedSci原创

第一个钠葡萄糖转运酶2(SGLT-2)抑制剂Dapagliflozin,虽然极力挽救,最终还是被FDA否决了。那么其它公司的SGLT-2命运如何?包括强生、BI、Pfizer都有新产品在临床试验中。 Dapagliflozin被否定是因为它能增加膀胱癌、乳腺癌等风险,这是被否定的主要原因。实际上,许多糖尿病新药,都可能存在类似的风险,这给新药研发蒙上一层新的阴影! 下面是2011年7月份ADA

第一个钠葡萄糖转运酶2(SGLT-2)抑制剂Dapagliflozin,虽然极力挽救,最终还是被FDA否决了。那么其它公司的SGLT-2命运如何?包括强生、BI、Pfizer都有新产品在临床试验中。

Dapagliflozin被否定是因为它能增加膀胱癌、乳腺癌等风险,这是被否定的主要原因。实际上,许多糖尿病新药,都可能存在类似的风险,这给新药研发蒙上一层新的阴影!

下面是2011年7月份ADA公布的III期临床试验结果,虽然降糖和减重漂亮,但是致癌风险成为阴影!

新闻报道:

美国糖尿病学会(ADA)年会上报告的一项Ⅲ期扩展研究显示,试验性降糖药dapagliflozin在2年后仍持续具有降糖和减重的作用。

在初始为期52周的双盲研究期间,814例单用二甲双胍后血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者被随机分成两组。两组均应用二甲双胍2,000 mg/d,其中一组加用dapagliflozin 10 mg/d,另一组加用格列吡嗪20 mg/d。在1年时,两组均观察到血红蛋白A1c(HbA1c)较基线平均值7.72%平均降低0.52%,达到非劣效性的主要终点。然而,dapagliflozin组患者的体重平均下降3.2 kg,而格列吡嗪组患者的体重平均增加1.4 kg,dapagliflozin组的低血糖患者比例明显低于格列吡嗪组(3.5% vs. 40.8%)。

扩展研究的主要目的是评价安全性。在扩展研究中,患者继续接受二甲双胍联合dapagliflozin(n=315)或格列吡嗪(n=309)治疗。在2年结束时,dapagliflozin组HbA1c较基线值降低0.32%,而格列吡嗪组仅降低0.14%;dapagliflozin组体重降低3.70 kg,而格列吡嗪组体重增加1.36 kg;dapagliflozin组低血糖率显著低于格列吡嗪组(4.2% vs. 45.8%),结果与1年时相似。

通过积极询问发现,dapagliflozin组出现尿路感染体征、症状和事件的患者比例为13.5%,格列吡嗪组为9.1%;dapagliflozin组出现生殖道感染体征、症状和事件的患者比例为14.8%,格列吡嗪组为2.9%。在女性患者中观察到的差异更大,dapagliflozin组出现生殖道感染的女性患者比例为23.3%,格列吡嗪组为5.9%。然而,感染主要是在第1年内出现,且为轻至中度,经标准治疗后均可缓解。在第1年,两组各有1例患者因尿路感染而停药,dapagliflozin组有3例患者因生殖道感染而停药。在第2年,没有患者因尿路或生殖道感染而停药。

研究者——德国巴特劳特贝格糖尿病中心主任Michael A.Nauck博士表示,亟待对糖尿病和糖尿患者的尿路和生殖道感染风险高低进行定义,并且应先考虑将风险低的患者作为dapagliflozin的治疗对象。既往研究显示,dapagliflozin组的膀胱癌和乳腺癌发生率高于对照治疗组。虽然这些基于小样本量和短期随访得出的结果并不能证明dapagliflozin与膀胱癌和乳腺癌的发生存在因果联系,但有必要开展进一步研究,以全面评价该药是否可能促进肿瘤生长。另外,还需通过大规模研究对临床预后进行评价,以明确治疗收益与风险之间的关系。

由于dapagliflozin可能会增加膀胱癌和乳腺癌发生率,因此美国食品药品管理局下属的内分泌和代谢药物顾问委员会在7月19日召开的评审会议上以9票反对6票赞成的投票结果否决了该药的上市批准。

AstraZeneca and Bristol-Myers Squibb have suffered a setback after regulators rejected their new diabetes drug dapagliflozin and asked for more data.

The US Food and Drug Administration has issued a complete response letter regarding the New Drug Application for dapagliflozin. In October, the agency pushed back the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) goal date to study data from recently-completed and ongoing Phase III clinical trials, which constituted a major amendment to the original NDA.

However it appears the information provided was not enough. The CRL requests additional data from ongoing studies and, more worryingly for AstraZeneca and B-MS, the FDSA "may require information from new clinical trials".

The rejection of dapagliflozin, the first drug in the class of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, is no great surprise. Last July, the FDA's Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee voted 9-6 against recommending approval, noting the concerns of FDA staffers about possible liver damage and the potential link with breast and bladder cancer.

The companies said they will work closely with the FDA to determine the appropriate next steps for dapagliflozin. They are also in ongoing discussions with health authorities in Europe and other countries as part of the application procedures.

AstraZeneca and B-MS insisted they remain committed to dapagliflozin on the back of a development programme that has seen more than 5,000 patients treated with dapagliflozin in 19 trials. Investors are a bit concerned however, and at 9.40am (UK time), the Anglo-Swedish drugmaker's shares had slipped 1% to £30.78.

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    2012-01-21 智慧医人