Science:科学家发现过敏反应的分子基础

2013-08-16 koo bio360

在人类哮喘气道的纤维蛋白插件的显微镜图像 得益于一项新的研究,研究人员终于取得了一些进展以理解过敏反应是如何导致我们的肺部发炎及刺激我们的眼睛的,而且他们的研究结果对新的过敏疗法有帮助。 科学家们知道过敏的驱动因子是什么:蛋白酶——这是在真菌等过敏原中发现的酶。但人们对这些刺激物是如何导致与过敏有关的如气道发炎及阻塞等副作用的则知之甚少。例如,科学家们不知道,显示能够检测到


在人类哮喘气道的纤维蛋白插件的显微镜图像

得益于一项新的研究,研究人员终于取得了一些进展以理解过敏反应是如何导致我们的肺部发炎及刺激我们的眼睛的,而且他们的研究结果对新的过敏疗法有帮助。

科学家们知道过敏的驱动因子是什么:蛋白酶——这是在真菌等过敏原中发现的酶。但人们对这些刺激物是如何导致与过敏有关的如气道发炎及阻塞等副作用的则知之甚少。例如,科学家们不知道,显示能够检测到引起过敏症的物质的一种关键性的受体(被称作Toll样受体4)是如何被激发的。【原文下载

但现在,通过小鼠试验,来自贝勒医学院等机构的科学家们对这一谜团进行了阐释。研究人员让小鼠与真菌的蛋白酶接触并显示,如果纤维蛋白原这种凝血蛋白无法分解成纤维蛋白原裂解产物时,过敏性炎症就不会发生。

正如研究人员所发现的,这些裂解产物与气道上皮细胞上的及被称作巨噬细胞的免疫细胞上的Toll样受体4结合并使得免疫系统将注意力转移到小鼠的气道,从而导致其发炎。

在证实了裂解产物在介导过敏反应中的重要性之后,那些通过设计而缺乏裂解产物的小鼠则不会出现过敏症状,即使是在面对像真菌孢子这样的刺激时也不会。

研究人员因此提出,启动过敏需要纤维蛋白原的分解,纤维蛋白原会发出信号让TLR4激活免疫系统。

这项研究有助于对过敏反应分子基础的了解,而且同时提示了一种可在过敏疗法中成为标靶的新的通路。

原始出处:

Valentine Ongeri Millien, Wen Lu, Joanne Shaw, Xiaoyi Yuan, Garbo Mak, Luz Roberts, Li-Zhen Song, J. Morgan Knight, Chad J. Creighton, Amber Luong, Farrah Kheradmand, David B. Corry. Cleavage of Fibrinogen by Proteinases Elicits Allergic Responses Through Toll-Like Receptor 4. Science, 16 August 2013; DOI: 10.1126/science.1240342  【原文下载

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    2013-08-18 jichang

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