武夷山:医学之文学 文学之医学

2016-09-30 武夷山 中国科学报

■武夷山 【他认为,西方文化的特征之一是“向自然开战”,医学也是采取对抗模式,但这种思路似乎已经走入穷途末路。】 自古以来,诗人都在不断触及战争题材。1854年,克里米亚战争中的巴拉卡拉瓦战役结束6星期后,英国桂冠诗人丁尼生用55行的诗歌《轻骑兵的冲锋》记叙了这场战役,主调是颂扬轻骑兵的英勇。他写道:“战士们不问有人铸下大错的原因/他们的职责是作战、牺牲。”1890年,另一位英国诗人吉

■武夷山

【他认为,西方文化的特征之一是“向自然开战”,医学也是采取对抗模式,但这种思路似乎已经走入穷途末路。】

自古以来,诗人都在不断触及战争题材。1854年,克里米亚战争中的巴拉卡拉瓦战役结束6星期后,英国桂冠诗人丁尼生用55行的诗歌《轻骑兵的冲锋》记叙了这场战役,主调是颂扬轻骑兵的英勇。他写道:“战士们不问有人铸下大错的原因/他们的职责是作战、牺牲。”1890年,另一位英国诗人吉卜林创作了回应这首诗歌的《轻骑兵的归宿》,他在诗中写下了这样的意思:幸存的战士们从他们为之作战的祖国所获得的只是弹震症、残疾和失业。

美国军医Frederick Foote(弗里德里克·富特)于2014年发表了他的首部诗集Medic Against Bomb:A Doctors Poetry of War(冒着炮火的救护人员:一位医生的战地诗篇),他似乎把丁尼生撰写挽歌的才气与吉卜林的亏欠感结合了起来。该诗集被The Progressive(进步)杂志评为2014年最佳图书。

富特是美国军医,他在芝加哥大学获得普通人文学文学士学位,在乔治城大学医学院获得药学硕士学位和医学博士学位。他服役29年,曾在伊拉克和阿富汗战地待过。在其诗歌中,他为战争双方的死伤者哀叹。他是和平主义者,他说他的立场是“痛恨战争,但热爱和尊重勇士”。

从战场回来后,2001年,在军方资助下,他策划了Epidaurus Project(埃皮达鲁斯计划,注:埃皮达鲁斯是古希腊阿尔戈利斯的一个古镇,是医药之神阿斯克勒庇俄斯的神庙所在地),旨在用整体医学的方法治疗脑损伤和创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)患者;2011年,他与别人共同策划了也是由军方支持的Warrior Poets Project(战士诗人计划),将包括诗歌在内的各种艺术作为治疗手段之一。可以这么说,作为诗人,他关注的是医学之文学,作为医生,他关注的是文学之医学。

2015年间,他在接受采访时说,他总是在创作诗歌,在2003年美军入侵伊拉克期间,他创作的热情更高,那时,他在“舒适号”医院船上救治美国和伊拉克双方伤员。他在一首诗歌中对那些“情感上擅离职守”的将军们呼吁道:“到我们的病房来生活两周,经受一下我们经受的伤害/你们就会像我们一样充满反叛情绪,像我们一样热爱和平。”

战士诗人计划在Walter Reed陆军医学中心实施,参与者包括3位拿薪水的协调员、十几位拿薪水的驻场艺术家及许多治疗专家和志愿者。几乎所有在此疗伤的战士都参与了音乐和其他文学艺术创作。事实表明,参与艺术创作有惊人疗效,尤其对脑损伤和PSTD患者。音乐疗法的效果最突出。

至于艺术疗法的治愈机理,还在研究之中。有一位参加写作研习班的老兵说,将自己的战场经历写下来,有利于自己控制回忆,而不是被回忆所控制。另一位女兵说,通过写作,她就能够将战时的痛苦经历存放在大脑的一个“抽屉”里,只有在她想打开的时候才将其打开。富特和同事们打算花5年时间,用定量测试手段来证实自然疗法、艺术疗法等等的疗效,而不只是依赖于患者自我报告的疗效。

他说,现代医学主要靠两种手段:药物和手术。整体医学则动用所有的手段,包括康复楼、家庭成员参与、护理一体化、基础保健法、先进保健法。他在Walter Reed陆军医学中心尝试过所有这些手段。他认为,西方文化的特征之一是“向自然开战”,医学也主要是采取对抗模式,但这种思路似乎已经走入穷途末路。

《中国科学报》 (2016-09-30 第7版 作品)

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    2016-10-01 4546wk

    值得学习

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    2016-10-01 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

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    2016-10-01 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

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    2016-10-01 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138512, encodeId=41c513851215, content=值得学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zGdN1x8J6HqtUI2Gpibk3sfIIBhZchAhjoiaCQlficdtQTnEqYncy3GVEMPIOJwD7t0mO2KfYGMgkIg/0, createdBy=86081727811, createdName=4546wk, createdTime=Sat Oct 01 12:15:36 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138493, encodeId=c58213849394, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Oct 01 11:24:55 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138492, encodeId=69561384925f, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Oct 01 11:24:48 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138491, encodeId=b2ea13849174, content=继续关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Oct 01 11:01:12 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=138490, encodeId=f9c9138490bc, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzfPkmqRTH5rHib5mcib8Wb3QdXjhfOK1UubQL2lictjJFdFJ6Lc3cnnCOSWqxXZ4Kk6y5GdzDoy764R/0, createdBy=156e1644785, createdName=doctorJiangchao, createdTime=Sat Oct 01 11:01:05 CST 2016, time=2016-10-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-01 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0