早期诊断肝癌,创新技术灵敏度高达 95%

2018-07-09 佚名 药明康德

近日,由 Exact Sciences 和梅奥诊所(Mayo Clinic)开发的基于血液的 DNA 测序 panel 在一项 2 期临床验证性研究中表现优异,能准确地检测各个阶段的肝癌,且检测特异性超过常用的血清测试。这项新发明有望帮助肝癌患者尽早诊断并采取治疗。

近日,由 Exact Sciences 和梅奥诊所(Mayo Clinic)开发的基于血液的 DNA 测序 panel 在一项 2 期临床验证性研究中表现优异,能准确地检测各个阶段的肝癌,且检测特异性超过常用的血清测试。这项新发明有望帮助肝癌患者尽早诊断并采取治疗。

肝细胞癌(HCC)是最常见的一种原发性肝癌,通常发生于慢性肝病患者,比如由乙肝或丙肝病毒感染引起的肝硬化。HCC 影响了全球约 50 万人,以亚洲和非洲地区发病率最高,中国就是 HCC 发病大国,全世界超过一半的 HCC 病例都在中国。晚期肝癌的五年存活率低于 5%。但是如果对该癌症进行早期筛查和治疗时,可以将存活率提高到 40% 至 70%。

目前对肝硬化患者的检测手段主要有超声检查和测量甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平。大约一半的晚期 HCC 患者具有高水平的 AFP,这是种在胎儿早期发育中产生的蛋白质,也产自肝脏以及各种肿瘤(包括 HCC)。但是与晚期疾病相比,这些检测对早期疾病的灵敏度较低。此外,AFP 水平可以受其他因素影响,比如怀孕以及其他肿瘤都有可能造成结果阳性,带来误诊。

由 Exact Sciences 和梅奥诊所带来的基因检测 panel 能够通过追踪血浆中的六种甲基化 DNA 标记物来检测 HCC。该 panel 使用全甲基组 DNA 测序来鉴定 HCC 标记物。为了评估 panel 的效果,研究者采用了来自独立档案的冷冻血浆样品进行评估测定,其中包括 95 个确认的 HCC 病例样品,51 个肝硬化对照样品和 98 个没有肝病或癌症病史的对照样品。

结果显示,该检测 panel 的总体灵敏度为 95%,具体而言, 0 期疾病为 75%,A 期为 93%,B 期为 93%,C 期为 96%,D 期为 100%。这个 panel 避免假阳性结果的能力同样优秀,它在健康对照组中的特异性为 95%,在肝硬化对照组中的特异性则为 86%,比临床中使用的 AFP 水平测试更准确。Exact Sciences 和梅奥诊所希望在进行临床 3 期研究之前进一步优化 panel 设计和血浆采集条件。

Exact Sciences 公司总部位于美国威斯康辛州麦迪逊市,他们生产的 Cologuard 曾在 2014 年获得 FDA 批准,Cologuard 是一种针对结直肠癌的家庭无创筛查测试,通过分析粪便 DNA 和血液生物标志物,可以发现典型患者中 92% 的癌症和 69% 的癌前息肉。

我们希望这项发明能早日走进诊所,为有肝癌风险的人群提供早期检测服务。

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    2019-05-22 respect
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    2018-07-11 1deafa49m05(暂无匿称)

    希望早日投入临床

    0

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    2018-07-09 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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