Nature:大规模乳腺癌“蛋白质基因组学”被揭示

2016-05-28 MedSci MedSci原创

基于来自癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)计划的数据,一个多机构科学家小组完成了首个大规模的乳腺癌“蛋白质基因组学”(proteogenomic)研究,将一些DNA突变与蛋白质信号联系到一起,并帮助确定了一些驱动癌症的基因。这项研究旨在通过蛋白质和它们的修饰来更好地认识癌症。发表在5月25日《自然》(Nature)杂志上的研究论文,证实了相比于单独采用任一种分析方法,整合基因组和蛋白质组数据来生成更完

基于来自癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)计划的数据,一个多机构科学家小组完成了首个大规模的乳腺癌“蛋白质基因组学”(proteogenomic)研究,将一些DNA突变与蛋白质信号联系到一起,并帮助确定了一些驱动癌症的基因。

这项研究旨在通过蛋白质和它们的修饰来更好地认识癌症。发表在5月25日《自然》(Nature)杂志上的研究论文,证实了相比于单独采用任一种分析方法,整合基因组和蛋白质组数据来生成更完整的癌症生物学图像的能力。

论文的资深作者、Baylor医学Lester 和Sue Smith乳腺中心主任及教授Matthew Ellis博士说:“我们还没有充分认识复杂的癌症基因组是如何转化为导致复发和死亡的驱动生物学的。这些研究结果表明整合蛋白质基因组学有一天可能会被证明是一种强大的临床工具,使得我们能够横跨癌症基因组学与临床效应之间巨大的知识鸿沟。”

这项研究努力提供了TCGA计划中已确定基因组学特征的77个乳腺癌肿瘤蛋白质组与磷酸化蛋白质组(phosphoproteome)景观的广泛信息。尽管TCGA生成了癌症体细胞突变的广泛目录,当前尚不清楚其中许多突变对细胞功能或患者结局的影响。此外,并非所有的突变基因都是真正的癌症“驱动者”——一些仅仅是功能影响很小的“乘客”突变。一些突变被发现存在于遭到删除的极大的DNA区域内或是在额外的拷贝中,因此通过研究它们的蛋白质产物活性来筛选出候选基因列表,可以帮助确定治疗靶点。

在这项研究中,研究人员利用精确的高分辨率质谱法分析了乳腺肿瘤,这一技术扩大基因组的覆盖范围超过了传统基于抗体的方法。这使得他们能够扩展研究努力,量化了超过12,000个蛋白质和33,000个磷酸化位点——一个极深的覆盖水平。

论文的资深作者、Broad研究所蛋白质组学平台主任Steven Carr博士说:“样品处理和仪器的发展给基于质谱的蛋白质组学带来了一场革命。我们现在可以将其应用于磷酸蛋白质组——这对于了解癌症和其他疾病中的信号传导至关重要。我们的方法以从前无法实现的规模生成了强大且可重复的数据。”

与其他的癌症一样,乳腺癌肿瘤也具有许多的突变,因此研究它们需要无数的实验来认识在模型系统中各种突变组合的影响。采用这种方法,该研究小组研究了这些突变发生了进化的癌细胞,并分析了细胞蛋白质的整体产量。

针对一些乳腺癌亚型和携带常见突变如PIK3CA和TP53突变的肿瘤,分析结果揭示出了一些新的蛋白质标记物和信号通路。研究人员还将一些基因中的拷贝数改变(额外或缺失的DNA)与蛋白质水平联系一起,使得他们鉴别出了10个新的候选调控因子。其中两个候选基因SKP1和 CETN3可能与癌基因EGFR有关联。EGFR是一种特别具有侵袭性的乳腺癌亚型——“基底细胞样”肿瘤的标志物。

利用转录(mRNA)分析,科学家们将乳腺癌分为4种主要的亚型:管腔A和B亚型,基底细胞样肿瘤,和富含HER2的肿瘤。在这项工作中,研究人员利用蛋白质组和磷酸蛋白质组数据概要说明了基底和管腔亚型。他们还设法基于磷酸化信号通路聚类肿瘤鉴别出了富含基质的集群,并阐明了采用采用mRNA方法未看见的一种G蛋白偶联受体亚群。

Proteomic and phosphoproteomic subtypes of breast cancer and subtype-specific
pathway enrichment.
Proteomic and phosphoproteomic subtypes of breast cancer and subtype-specific pathway enrichment.

在研究和治疗乳腺癌时,科学家和医生们都希望发现除了HER2以外更多可用药物控制的激酶蛋白。采用曲妥单抗(赫赛汀)可以靶向HER2,但这种蛋白质仅存在于20%乳腺癌中。在这项研究中,研究人员孤立点分析了一些激酶的磷酸化状态,凸显出了乳腺癌样本中一些异常活化的激酶,如HER2, CDK12, PAK1, PTK2, RIPK2和TLK2。

Matthew Ellis博士团队在2014年也发现了结直肠癌的蛋白质基因组学特征,文章也发表在Nature上。同时,还开创了一系列蛋白质基因组学的相关分析策略。

小知识:蛋白质基因组学

随着高通量DNA测序技术的飞速发展,越来越多的物种完成了基因组测序.定位编码基因、确定编码基因结构是基因组注释的基本任务,然而以往的基因组注释方法主要依赖于DNA及RNA序列信息.为了更加精确地解读完成测序的基因组,我们需要整合多种类型的组学数据进行基因组注释.近年来,基于串联质谱技术的蛋白质组学已经发展成熟,实现了对蛋白质组的高覆盖,使得利用串联质谱数据进行基因组注释成为可能.串联质谱数据一方面可以对已注释的基因进行表达验证,另一方面还可以校正原注释基因,进而发现新基因,实现对基因组序列的重新注释.这正是当前进展较快的蛋白质基因组学的研究内容

原始出处:

Philipp Mertins,   D. R. Mani,   Kelly V. Ruggles,   Michael A. Gillette, Karl R. Clauser, et al.Proteogenomics connects somatic mutations to signalling in breast cancer. Nature (2016) doi:10.1038/nature18003

相关文献:

Zhang B, Wang J, Wang X, Zhu J, Liu Q, Shi Z, Chambers MC, Zimmerman LJ, Shaddox KF, Kim S, Davies SR, Wang S, Wang P, Kinsinger CR, Rivers RC, Rodriguez H, Townsend RR, Ellis MJ, Carr SA, Tabb DL, Coffey RJ, Slebos RJ, Liebler DC; NCI CPTAC. Proteogenomic characterization of human colon and rectal cancer. Nature. 2014 Sep 18;513(7518):382-7. 

Ruggles KV, Tang Z, Wang X, Grover H, Askenazi M, Teubl J, Cao S, McLellan MD, Clauser KR, Tabb DL, Mertins P, Slebos R, Erdmann-Gilmore P, Li S, Gunawardena HP, Xie L, Liu T, Zhou JY, Sun S, Hoadley KA, Perou CM, Chen X, Davies SR, Maher CA, Kinsinger CR, Rodland KD, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Ding L, Townsend RR, Rodriguez H, Chan D, Smith RD, Liebler DC, Carr SA, Payne S, Ellis MJ, Fenyő D. An Analysis of the Sensitivity of Proteogenomic Mapping of Somatic Mutations and Novel Splicing Events in Cancer. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2016 Mar;15(3):1060-71

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    2016-11-17 liye789132251
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    2016-09-30 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    拜读,好文

    0

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    2016-11-14 ylz8403
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    2016-05-30 忠诚向上

    好好学习一下

    0

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    2016-05-28 medcardio

    新的思路需要新的方法和技术,基于蛋白质组学的思路去研究基因组学,或者把蛋白质组学与建筑学结合起来共同研究这可能是未来更重要的一个发展方向

    0

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    2016-05-28 medcardio

    新的思路需要新的方法和技术,基于蛋白质组学的思路去研究基因组学,或者把蛋白质组学与建筑学结合起来共同研究这可能是未来更重要的一个发展方向

    0

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拿到这样一份乳腺癌病理报告,患者心里会有很多疑问。(+) (-)符号让患者一头雾水,这些指标表示什么?重点应该看哪些指标?哪些指标会影响治疗?小医生今天邀请到北京肿瘤医院的薛教授,教您一分钟看懂乳腺癌病理报告!

科学家发现阻止乳腺癌转移的新方法

杜克癌症研究所的科学家们乳腺癌细胞用于入侵小鼠骨髓的分子钥匙,入侵到骨髓后癌细胞就可以避免被化学疗法或激素疗法清除。通过多年在小鼠上的试验,科学家们找到了对抗这种转移的方式,不光以阻止癌细胞侵入骨髓,还可以将癌细胞冲到血液中,在血液中癌细胞就可以被药物破坏了。这些发现为那些最具毁灭性的乳腺癌提供了一些信息,这些癌细胞具有被打败后卷土重来的能力。研究人员希望这些发现,如果可以在其他动物和人类试验中重

Nature:新一代mTOR抑制剂有望治疗多种耐药性肿瘤

在一项新的研究中,来自美国加州大学旧金山分校和纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心等机构的研究人员开发出一种潜在的抗癌药物,该药物利用一种独特的策略阻断mTOR,其中mTOR是一种有助促进多种癌症生长的分子。在动物实验中,这种药物降低对较早一代mTOR抑制剂产生耐药性的肿瘤大小。

Am J Clin Nutr:维生素C和绝经后乳腺癌风险有什么关系

维生素C摄入量和乳腺癌风险之间的关系,在实验和流行病学研究中取得了相互矛盾的结果。因此研究者进行了一项研究,探究维生素C的摄入量和乳腺癌风险之间的关系,同时将膳食维生素C的摄入量考虑在内。1995-2008年期间,该研究共纳入了57,403名绝经后妇女,在随访的581,085人年期间,共发生了2482例浸润性乳腺癌。在1993-1995年,通过食物频率问卷调查获取参与者的膳食维生素C摄入情况,并在