Nat Med:整合肿瘤患者WGS和纵向真实世界临床数据,可识别预后相关特定遗传改变

2024-02-06 测序中国 测序中国 发表于上海

该研究证明了将基因组和真实世界的临床数据相结合的实用性,使生存分析能够识别影响预后的癌症基因,并提高人们对癌症基因组学如何影响患者预后的理解。

10万基因组计划(100kGP)是英国政府在英国国家医疗服务体系(NHS)内开展的一项变革性国家倡议,旨在使用全基因组测序(WGS)识别罕见遗传疾病的致病突变。该项目参与者在知情的情况下书面同意将其基因组数据与匿名纵向健康记录相链接,并在安全的研究环境中与其他科研人员共享,以推动人们对不同癌症的了解;随后,利用所生成的数据构建国家分子数据平台(包括国家癌症登记和分析服务(NCRAS)数据集),并与研究环境中的纵向真实世界数据安全链接,这种方法可将基因组研究和发现反馈到基因组医疗保健中。

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图:100kGP计划概述。

此外,为进一步推动癌症分子检测,NHS于2018年10月推出基因组医学服务(GMS),旨在通过使用标准化的国家基因组检测目录,包括定向大基因组检测和WGS,为英国全境的罕见疾病和癌症患者提供基因组检测、临床护理和解读,以实现公平、全面的基因组检测。

近日,由Genomics England公司、NHS、伦敦玛丽女王大学等机构的科研人员联合进行的一项研究发表在杂志Nature Medicine上,文章题为“Insights for precision oncology from the integration of genomic and clinical data of 13,880 tumors from the 100,000 Genomes Cancer Programme”。研究团队对100kGP计划中13,880例实体瘤患者的WGS数据进行了分析,共涵盖33种癌症类型;通过分析突变特征、拷贝数畸变(CNA)、结构变异(SV)、同源重组缺陷(HRD)和肿瘤突变负荷(TMB)等,将这些数据与参与者的5年常规临床数据(例如就诊情况、治疗方案和生存结局等)相整合,发现癌症中特定的基因变化与生存率的提高或降低、患者预后的改善有关。该研究证明了将基因组和真实世界的临床数据相结合的实用性,使生存分析能够识别影响预后的癌症基因,并提高人们对癌症基因组学如何影响患者预后的理解。

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文章发表在Nature Medicine

研究团队对NHS中15,241名被诊断为癌症的患者的16,358个肿瘤-正常样本对进行了测序,这些患者在2015年至2019年间被招募到100kGP计划中。进一步,研究团队对涵盖33种肿瘤类型的13,880个肿瘤样本进行综合全基因组分析(WGA),其中95.9%为新鲜冷冻样本、4.1%为福尔马林固定石蜡包埋样本。为确保临床环境中突变调用(方法)的高敏感性,肿瘤样本的测序覆盖率为100×,正常样本的测序覆盖率为30×。

此外,研究团队还将上述基因组学数据与NCRAS数据集、医院病例统计(HES)数据集相关联,确认了样本收集时提交的诊断说明。NCRAS数据集提供了86.7%肿瘤样本的分期信息。

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图1. 100kGP计划队列的样本特征概述。 

WGS等单项检测(包括配对肿瘤-正常样本测序),可同时检测体细胞中多种遗传变化,包括单核苷酸变异(SNV)和插入和缺失(indel)、CNA和SV等,从而提供更全面的肿瘤遗传图谱。研究团队在2023年4月3日更新的NGTDC v.6.0中分析了13,880个完整基因组的汇总数据,检测到与NGTDC中指定的靶点相关的几种类型的突变,包括小变异、CNA和基因融合,以及与遗传性癌症风险和药物基因组研究结果相关的胚系变异(图2)。乳腺浸润性癌(BRCA)、卵巢高级别浆液性癌(HGSOC)、子宫内膜癌(EC)和肺鳞状细胞癌(LUSC)等癌症中有20%-49%的病例存在临床相关突变,胰腺癌、前列腺癌、食管癌和胃腺癌等其他类型癌症中,有不到20%的病例携带NGTDC中存在的基因突变。这些突变的临床可操作性将取决于个体病例和临床情况。

研究团队对13,880例肿瘤样本中的体细胞变异进行了深入分析,发现最常见的突变基因是TP53(约占39.0%)。在不同癌症类型中,TP53基因突变的频率各不同,但在子宫浆液性癌(USC)、HGSOC、LUSC、直肠腺癌、食管腺癌和食管鳞状细胞癌中频率最高(超70%)。PIK3CA是第二大最常发生突变的基因(约占19.8%),其最常见的突变密码子是E545和H1047;其他基因如APC、KRAS、VHL和IDH1仅在一种或两种肿瘤类型中高度富集突变。这些发现揭示了体细胞变异在多种癌症类型中的普遍性和重要性,这些突变可能对癌症的发生、发展和治疗产生重大影响。

在所有癌症类型中,TP53、CDKN2A、MYC、CDKN2B和PTEN的扩增或缺失发生率较高。多形性胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)、低度胶质瘤、头颈部鳞状细胞癌、间皮瘤和肉瘤的临床相关CNAs数量最高。特别地,错配修复(MMR)基因胚系变异患者的结肠腺癌发病年龄明显提前;同源重组修复基因胚系变异患者的HGSOC和BRCA发病年龄明显提前。

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图2. 常见肿瘤类型的体细胞和胚系突变。

TMB被认为是一种潜在的生物标志物,在该研究数据集中,不同癌症类型之间以及癌症类型内部存在显著差异。与先前报道一致,研究团队发现皮肤黑色素瘤(SKCM)和肺腺癌的平均TMB较高;结肠腺癌和EC在是否存在微卫星不稳定性或由 POLE突变引起的高突变方面表现出差异;HGSOC的HRD患病率最高(40%)。在分析具有明确病因的突变特征时(COSMIC v.3),研究团队观察到了某些癌症类型的预期频率。

上述发现证明了WGS数据全面表征肿瘤临床基因组特征方面的能力。通过单一的WGS检测,可报告体细胞SNV、基因融合和CNA,以及潜在的致病胚系突变和泛基因组标志物,为癌症的分类、预后评估和治疗策略的制定提供了新的视角。

通过将WGS数据与纵向生命过程临床数据(SACT和ONS)相结合,研究团队评估了根据泛基因组标志物对患者进行分层治疗的结果(图3a)。在接受铂类药物治疗的患者中,HRD预测了更好的治疗结果,特别在BRCA和HGSOC患者中。研究团队将TMB作为预后标志物进行了评估。结果显示,在SKCM患者中,TMB最低四分位数与TMB最高四分位数患者的生存率存在显著差异;肺腺癌中未观察类似显著差异。上述结果表明TMB水平与预后相关,并支持了进一步优化泛基因组生物标志物作为预后和免疫治疗反应预测标志物的必要性。

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图3. 全基因测序得到的TMB分布情况及临床价值。

通过WGS,研究团队探索了CNA和影响癌症基因的体细胞小变异在NGTDC中的共存情况,依据每个基因有/无小变异将病例分为两组,并比较这两组中每个基因的CNA频率(图5)。结果显示,有12个基因的CNA频率存在显著差异;在特定的癌症类型中,当存在潜在激活的SNV时,EGFR和KIT倾向于被扩增;在影响BRAF、KRAS、NRAS、CTNNB1和FGFR2的体细胞小变异存在时,拷贝增益显著并存。此外,在存在体细胞小变异的情况下,5个肿瘤抑制基因或双重作用基因的拷贝丢失频率显著较高,如TP53、RB1、CDKN2A和APC,这进一步强调了同时解读不同类型变异的价值。

接下来,研究团队依据40个NGTDC指示基因的突变存在与否,对33种癌症类型患者进行分层,并评估了总生存期;来自HES和ONS等二级数据源的临床数据提供了生存数据。在校正分期和多重测试后,发现共15个基因影响了总生存期,对患者预后影响最大的基因是CDKN2A,这与其在一些癌症亚型中与高级别疾病和不良预后的关联相一致;PIK3CA突变与良好预后相关

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图4.WGS数据中小变异和CNA的预后价值。

综上所述,100kGP计划为整合基因组和纵向临床生命历程数据建立了基础设施和资源,该研究揭示将基因组数据与真实世界的临床和治疗数据相结合,可以识别癌症DNA的变化,提高人们对临床癌症基因组学对患者预后的长期影响的理解。这种数据整合还有望提供额外的预后见解,可帮助医生为患者提供更有针对性的护理,从而为个体患者量身定制癌症诊断和治疗。

参考文献:

Sosinsky A, Ambrose J, Cross W, et al. Insights for precision oncology from the integration of genomic and clinical data of 13,880 tumors from the 100,000 Genomes Cancer Programme. Nat Med. , 2024. doi:10.1038/s41591-023-02682-0

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    2024-02-07 13013f32m56暂无昵称 来自河北省

    👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2186263, encodeId=40a621862632d, content=认真学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6EF3hKja8nER8RMzxQdria9eCYFhgLTLsDOeqnvIYdeLDz5eP6EnicLuE5gibiawgno4zUA0jAR7Nbtp2llQ9fs3Mk/0, createdBy=278f1986883, createdName=医鸣惊人, createdTime=Tue Feb 06 21:53:53 CST 2024, time=2024-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=山西省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2186285, encodeId=6f522186285d4, content=👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=16, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=20c53431821, createdName=13013f32m56暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Feb 07 00:51:32 CST 2024, time=2024-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2186280, encodeId=b7be218628096, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=16, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00332233446, createdName=1212ad1cm87暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Feb 06 23:50:24 CST 2024, time=2024-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=吉林省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2186278, encodeId=848421862e8d9, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Feb 06 23:47:22 CST 2024, time=2024-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=浙江省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2186267, encodeId=d4b4218626e99, content=学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c78a9170718, createdName=ms7000000727329652, createdTime=Tue Feb 06 22:39:07 CST 2024, time=2024-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=辽宁省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2186189, encodeId=83a2218618919, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5736654581e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#测序#</a> <a href='/topic/show?id=2ec9e133569' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症基因#</a> <a href='/topic/show?id=afbe186e548' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#WGS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18675, encryptionId=afbe186e548, topicName=WGS), TopicDto(id=65458, encryptionId=5736654581e, topicName=测序), TopicDto(id=71335, encryptionId=2ec9e133569, topicName=癌症基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cade5395722, createdName=梅斯管理员, createdTime=Tue Feb 06 12:34:04 CST 2024, time=2024-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=陕西省)]
    2024-02-06 1212ad1cm87暂无昵称 来自吉林省

    不错,学习了。

    0

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    2024-02-06 1209e435m98(暂无昵称) 来自浙江省

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2186263, encodeId=40a621862632d, content=认真学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6EF3hKja8nER8RMzxQdria9eCYFhgLTLsDOeqnvIYdeLDz5eP6EnicLuE5gibiawgno4zUA0jAR7Nbtp2llQ9fs3Mk/0, createdBy=278f1986883, createdName=医鸣惊人, createdTime=Tue Feb 06 21:53:53 CST 2024, time=2024-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=山西省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2186285, encodeId=6f522186285d4, content=👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=16, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=20c53431821, createdName=13013f32m56暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Feb 07 00:51:32 CST 2024, time=2024-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2186280, encodeId=b7be218628096, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=16, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00332233446, createdName=1212ad1cm87暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Feb 06 23:50:24 CST 2024, time=2024-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=吉林省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2186278, encodeId=848421862e8d9, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Feb 06 23:47:22 CST 2024, time=2024-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=浙江省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2186267, encodeId=d4b4218626e99, content=学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c78a9170718, createdName=ms7000000727329652, createdTime=Tue Feb 06 22:39:07 CST 2024, time=2024-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=辽宁省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2186189, encodeId=83a2218618919, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5736654581e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#测序#</a> <a href='/topic/show?id=2ec9e133569' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症基因#</a> <a href='/topic/show?id=afbe186e548' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#WGS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18675, encryptionId=afbe186e548, topicName=WGS), TopicDto(id=65458, encryptionId=5736654581e, topicName=测序), TopicDto(id=71335, encryptionId=2ec9e133569, topicName=癌症基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cade5395722, createdName=梅斯管理员, createdTime=Tue Feb 06 12:34:04 CST 2024, time=2024-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=陕西省)]
    2024-02-06 ms7000000727329652 来自辽宁省

    学到了

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2186263, encodeId=40a621862632d, content=认真学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6EF3hKja8nER8RMzxQdria9eCYFhgLTLsDOeqnvIYdeLDz5eP6EnicLuE5gibiawgno4zUA0jAR7Nbtp2llQ9fs3Mk/0, createdBy=278f1986883, createdName=医鸣惊人, createdTime=Tue Feb 06 21:53:53 CST 2024, time=2024-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=山西省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2186285, encodeId=6f522186285d4, content=👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=16, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=20c53431821, createdName=13013f32m56暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Feb 07 00:51:32 CST 2024, time=2024-02-07, status=1, ipAttribution=河北省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2186280, encodeId=b7be218628096, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=16, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00332233446, createdName=1212ad1cm87暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Feb 06 23:50:24 CST 2024, time=2024-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=吉林省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2186278, encodeId=848421862e8d9, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Feb 06 23:47:22 CST 2024, time=2024-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=浙江省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2186267, encodeId=d4b4218626e99, content=学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c78a9170718, createdName=ms7000000727329652, createdTime=Tue Feb 06 22:39:07 CST 2024, time=2024-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=辽宁省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2186189, encodeId=83a2218618919, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5736654581e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#测序#</a> <a href='/topic/show?id=2ec9e133569' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症基因#</a> <a href='/topic/show?id=afbe186e548' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#WGS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=18675, encryptionId=afbe186e548, topicName=WGS), TopicDto(id=65458, encryptionId=5736654581e, topicName=测序), TopicDto(id=71335, encryptionId=2ec9e133569, topicName=癌症基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cade5395722, createdName=梅斯管理员, createdTime=Tue Feb 06 12:34:04 CST 2024, time=2024-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=陕西省)]
    2024-02-06 梅斯管理员 来自陕西省

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