Nat Cell Biol:癌症免疫新机理:为何有时巨噬细胞促进癌症

2019-08-29 小通 生物通

在乳腺癌对免疫疗法的抗性中发现了多种免疫细胞的不同作用

乳腺癌免疫疗法的抗性中发现了多种免疫细胞的不同作用



近年来,人们越来越多地认识到肿瘤微环境中的免疫细胞有助于肿瘤进程,而且更重要的是,肿瘤对治疗的反应。为了更好地了解不同免疫细胞类型发挥的特定作用,一组由贝勒医学院的研究人员领导的多机构团队分析了多种小鼠模型的免疫细胞组成和三阴性乳腺癌的临床数据集。

他们主要针对两种类型的免疫细胞:中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞,结果研究人员发现细胞的出现频率存在很大差异,比如富含中性粒细胞和富含巨噬细胞的群体,在免疫治疗中具有潜在作用。

这一研究发现公布在Nature Cell Biology杂志上,指出了肿瘤细胞本身的异质性和微环境的免疫组成是治疗的重要考虑因素。

领导这一研究的是贝勒医学院张翔(Xiang 'Shawn' Zhang)研究员,他表示,“我们知道乳腺癌是非常不同的。多年来我们已经认识了乳腺癌的不同亚型,例如,雌激素受体阳性(ER +),ER-和三重阴性,这些类别还可以进一步细分。因此,我们必须在肿瘤微环境中增加免疫细胞成分的多样性。”

为了更好地了解肿瘤内免疫细胞在肿瘤生长和治疗反应中所起的作用,研究人员进行了一系列分析,描述了八种小鼠模型和三阴性临床数据中肿瘤微环境的免疫细胞组成。

“针对中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞,我们调查了不同的肿瘤是否具有相同的免疫细胞成分,以及看似相似的免疫成分是否在肿瘤生长中发挥相同的作用,而且我们想知道免疫细胞成分的差异是否有助于肿瘤对免疫疗法的反应。”

结果研究人员发现肿瘤样本中嗜中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞的出现频率存在很大差异,其中一些肿瘤首先会吸引巨噬细胞,而另一些则吸引了更多的中性粒细胞。一种细胞类型优于另一种细胞类型可以部分地由肿瘤产生的分子类型来解释。正如张翔解释的那样,一些肿瘤会分泌吸引巨噬细胞的分子,而其他肿瘤会产生其他分子,将中性粒细胞吸引到肿瘤部位。

有趣的是,巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞似乎还相互排斥。

“一旦一种细胞开始在肿瘤中积聚,另一种细胞就会倾向于远离,”张翔说,“支持一种细胞类型,似乎就会不支持另一种。”

这项研究探讨了巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞在肿瘤生长中的作用,发现在某些肿瘤中巨噬细胞有利于肿瘤生长,而在其他肿瘤中,巨噬细胞有助于控制肿瘤生长。另一方面,中性粒细胞也倾向于促进肿瘤生长。

“这些发现仅仅是一个开始。这里重点研究的是两种细胞类型。在巨噬细胞的这个名称下,还有许多不同的细胞亚型和中性粒细胞相同,我们需要在单个细胞水平上鉴定哪些亚型有利于肿瘤生长,哪些亚型会破坏肿瘤生长,同时考虑肿瘤异质性,因为两者都与治疗相关。”

原始出处:Ik Sun Kim, Yang Gao, Thomas Welte, et al. Immuno-subtyping of breast cancer reveals distinct myeloid cell profiles and immunotherapy resistance mechanisms. Nat Cell Biol. 26 August 2019

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    2019-11-03 sunylz
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    2020-02-06 liye789132251
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    2019-12-15 维他命
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