Cell:应对感染,无需抗生素,“驯化”细菌共建合作防御系统

2018-08-13 佚名 中国生物技术网

抗生素的滥用是导致抗生素耐药性的原因,虽然很多可疑的细菌被杀死了,但是更多具有耐药性的细菌却生存下来,并恣意地繁衍。但如果抗生素不是治疗传染性疾病的最后手段,那会是什么呢?

抗生素的滥用是导致抗生素耐药性的原因,虽然很多可疑的细菌被杀死了,但是更多具有耐药性的细菌却生存下来,并恣意地繁衍。但如果抗生素不是治疗传染性疾病的最后手段,那会是什么呢?

美国Salk研究所的研究人员们报告称,给小鼠服用膳食铁元素补充剂能使其在正常致命的细菌感染中存活,并导致这些细菌的后代毒性减弱。这项研究于2018年8月9日发表在《Cell》上,它描述了不使用抗生素治疗方法的临床前研究,比如营养干预,这种方法可以使宿主和病原体之间的关系从对抗转向合作。

研究通讯作者,副教授Janelle Ayres说:“抗生素和抗菌剂是医学界最重要的成就之一,我们当然要继续努力开发新的抗菌药物。但是我们需要从历史中总结教训,并考虑治疗感染性疾病的其他方法。我们的研究表明,如果我们能提升宿主的健康水平,我们就可以驯服细菌的行为,使它们不会引起疾病,而不是简单的杀死细菌。事实上我们能够驱动菌株的进化方向,使它们不会那么危险。”

Ayres是研究微生物与宿主相互作用的先驱,她发现,越来越多的证据表明,除了我们的免疫系统能够杀死病原体之外,我们还拥有所谓的合作防御系统,它在宿主与微生物的相互作用过程中促进健康。比如,在2017年,她的团队发现,沙门氏菌可以克服宿主在生病时对食物的厌恶,从而为细菌提供更多营养,也会使得宿主的感染更弱。2015年,Ayres的实验室发现小鼠体内的一种大肠杆菌能通过预防消瘦的方式提升小鼠对肺部和肠道感染的耐受性,消瘦指的是一种常见的、致命的肌肉组织损失,常发生于严重感染期间。


Janelle Ayres团队曾发现一种大肠杆菌菌株(左)能够阻止感染鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(中)和伯克霍尔德氏菌(右)的小鼠肌肉萎缩。图片来源:Salk Institute

在当前的研究中,Ayres的团队使用小鼠研究了一种由柠檬酸杆菌(CR)引起的IBD%E8%AF%8A%E6%B2%BB%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0-Part%203" target="_blank">胃肠道感染,引发小鼠腹泻,体重减轻,并且在极端情况下导致死亡(CR与病原体大肠杆菌有关,这种细菌会导致食品召回)。

为了阐明合作防御系统的新机制,该团队使用了一种致死剂量50 (LD50)的创新方法。该方法能杀死50%的宿主,而另一半则会存活下来。利用系统生物学方法,他们分析了被感染却健康的小鼠、被感染且生病的小鼠、未被感染的健康小鼠所诱导的基因活动。通过这项分析,他们发现,在被感染却健康的小鼠体内,铁代谢增加了。


图片来源:Cell

为了测试在感染期间促进合作防御系统铁代谢的重要性,Ayres团队对小鼠使用了LD100剂量的柠檬酸杆菌(它应该杀死100%的宿主群体),并对其中一半的小鼠喂食正常饮食,而另一半则喂食补充了铁元素的饮食,持续14天,然后恢复正常饮食。

在第20天的时候,无铁组的小鼠全部死于感染。然而,在补铁组中的小鼠中,即使在第30天的时候,所有的小鼠仍然活着,并且很健康。研究人员发现,即使他们使用LD100剂量的病原体,持续两周补铁都可以使小鼠生存并保持健康。

在实验过程中的组织分析表明,这两组感染小鼠体内的细菌水平相当,然而补铁组的小鼠保持了健康,而没有补铁的小鼠则生病了。Ayres和她的团队使用膳食铁元素补充剂作为工具来研究铁代谢治愈感染的机制。

他们发现,短期的铁补充会导致小鼠体内产生急性的胰岛素抗性状态。这会使从肠道中吸收的葡萄糖减少,从而导致肠道中糖量增加,被病原体用于代谢。葡萄糖代谢增加能够阻止病原体激活导致疾病的基因。此外,研究团队还发现,他们可以不使用铁元素,而通过补充葡萄糖来获得同样的效果。

有趣的是,Ayres和她的团队发现,在被柠檬酸杆菌感染一年之后,接受为期2周补铁的小鼠仍然活着并且健康,而且它们的IBD%E8%AF%8A%E6%B2%BB%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0-Part%203" target="_blank">胃肠道中仍然存在着这些病原体。Ayres说:“这使我们非常兴奋,因为这表明我们使这些病原体向着致病性减弱的方向进化了。”

为了确定事实是否如此,该团队对从小鼠体内分离出的柠檬酸杆菌的基因组进行了测序。他们发现,在那些会引起疾病的基因产生了突变,并失去了功能。这表明,通过为病原体增加葡萄糖供应,研究人员阻止了细菌打开会导致宿主患病的基因。而且,随着时间推移,在满足了营养需求的情况下,这些病原体的有害性降低了,和宿主的合作性更强了。

虽然Ayres的团队在临床前研究中发现膳食铁是治疗感染性腹泻的有效方法,但是Ayres指出,铁并不适用于所有感染性疾病的治疗。她说:“对于某些感染来说,比如疟疾,补充铁是一个糟糕的主意,因为寄生虫在铁存在时会生存得更好。然而,我们的这些发现使我深受鼓舞,因为它表明,通过饮食中含有的常见元素来控制宿主和病原体的代谢状态在治疗某些感染方面非常有效。这意味着我们能以一种在全球范围内都更容易实现的方式来治疗。


Janelle Ayres(左一)及其团队 。图片来源: Salk Institute

该团队接下来计划研究这些致病性减弱的细菌是否可以被用于活体疫苗,以及是否(并且弄清楚在什么情况下)可以会恢复致病性。

原始出处:Karina K. Sanchez, Grischa Y. Chen. Alexandria M. Palaferri Schieber, et al. Cooperative Metabolic Adaptations in the Host Can Favor Asymptomatic Infection and Select for Attenuated Virulence in an Enteric Pathogen. Cell. August 09, 2018

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    2019-06-29 维他命
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createdName=phoebeyan520, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 07:35:43 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338270, encodeId=659e3382e08e, content=谢谢,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyhb9xDeHojCicsdRdyC3XXdGk2ib9yLypZuHN06WeW4HO8WN0GGrgEfvnTX8gsckof05GHOU5OM4Mvx/0, createdBy=9cee1982656, createdName=执着追梦, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 07:17:48 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338263, encodeId=ec12338263cd, content=很棒的研究,boss看起来年轻漂亮~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7e71713450, createdName=太阳系小猪, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:58:20 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338257, encodeId=7d9633825e65, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKcmgibQ4oCrK7Z6f4CvMcs4k7QUGCkhopcGxvxaBfVciadECSIwaRVttllIOEKumpEaRrq5PoOUxow/0, createdBy=e3bb2081203, createdName=哈哈869, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:55:37 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338246, encodeId=692033824692, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:50:07 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-15 15991890016白熊

    学习了,分享了

    0

  4. 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createdName=phoebeyan520, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 07:35:43 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338270, encodeId=659e3382e08e, content=谢谢,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyhb9xDeHojCicsdRdyC3XXdGk2ib9yLypZuHN06WeW4HO8WN0GGrgEfvnTX8gsckof05GHOU5OM4Mvx/0, createdBy=9cee1982656, createdName=执着追梦, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 07:17:48 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338263, encodeId=ec12338263cd, content=很棒的研究,boss看起来年轻漂亮~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7e71713450, createdName=太阳系小猪, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:58:20 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338257, encodeId=7d9633825e65, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKcmgibQ4oCrK7Z6f4CvMcs4k7QUGCkhopcGxvxaBfVciadECSIwaRVttllIOEKumpEaRrq5PoOUxow/0, createdBy=e3bb2081203, createdName=哈哈869, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:55:37 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338246, encodeId=692033824692, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:50:07 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-14 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

    0

  5. 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  6. 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createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:58:20 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338257, encodeId=7d9633825e65, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKcmgibQ4oCrK7Z6f4CvMcs4k7QUGCkhopcGxvxaBfVciadECSIwaRVttllIOEKumpEaRrq5PoOUxow/0, createdBy=e3bb2081203, createdName=哈哈869, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:55:37 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338246, encodeId=692033824692, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:50:07 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-13 phoebeyan520

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870808, encodeId=6be018e0808b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Wed Oct 24 21:25:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961078, encodeId=4d8a19610e872, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, 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createdName=phoebeyan520, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 07:35:43 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338270, encodeId=659e3382e08e, content=谢谢,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyhb9xDeHojCicsdRdyC3XXdGk2ib9yLypZuHN06WeW4HO8WN0GGrgEfvnTX8gsckof05GHOU5OM4Mvx/0, createdBy=9cee1982656, createdName=执着追梦, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 07:17:48 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338263, encodeId=ec12338263cd, content=很棒的研究,boss看起来年轻漂亮~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7e71713450, createdName=太阳系小猪, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:58:20 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338257, encodeId=7d9633825e65, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKcmgibQ4oCrK7Z6f4CvMcs4k7QUGCkhopcGxvxaBfVciadECSIwaRVttllIOEKumpEaRrq5PoOUxow/0, createdBy=e3bb2081203, createdName=哈哈869, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:55:37 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338246, encodeId=692033824692, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:50:07 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-13 执着追梦

    谢谢,谢谢分享

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870808, encodeId=6be018e0808b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Wed Oct 24 21:25:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961078, encodeId=4d8a19610e872, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, 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createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4Nd44v3xHnnictn9UpctwtH62EPQ59TMdI9lnqHMgQ16nH7GmGCfpzicsHgjibYVk6vwSpXrC86gMibRkoaIzf5HwSz7/0, createdBy=78cc1691107, createdName=龙胆草, createdTime=Tue Aug 14 08:06:56 CST 2018, time=2018-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338424, encodeId=2e833384243b, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6d551998554, createdName=1e1c07bdm01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Aug 14 06:00:31 CST 2018, time=2018-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338280, encodeId=15d53382806f, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1bb241978, createdName=phoebeyan520, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 07:35:43 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338270, encodeId=659e3382e08e, content=谢谢,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyhb9xDeHojCicsdRdyC3XXdGk2ib9yLypZuHN06WeW4HO8WN0GGrgEfvnTX8gsckof05GHOU5OM4Mvx/0, createdBy=9cee1982656, createdName=执着追梦, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 07:17:48 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338263, encodeId=ec12338263cd, content=很棒的研究,boss看起来年轻漂亮~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7e71713450, createdName=太阳系小猪, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:58:20 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338257, encodeId=7d9633825e65, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKcmgibQ4oCrK7Z6f4CvMcs4k7QUGCkhopcGxvxaBfVciadECSIwaRVttllIOEKumpEaRrq5PoOUxow/0, createdBy=e3bb2081203, createdName=哈哈869, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:55:37 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338246, encodeId=692033824692, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:50:07 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-13 太阳系小猪

    很棒的研究,boss看起来年轻漂亮~

    0

  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870808, encodeId=6be018e0808b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Wed Oct 24 21:25:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961078, encodeId=4d8a19610e872, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, 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createdName=phoebeyan520, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 07:35:43 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338270, encodeId=659e3382e08e, content=谢谢,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyhb9xDeHojCicsdRdyC3XXdGk2ib9yLypZuHN06WeW4HO8WN0GGrgEfvnTX8gsckof05GHOU5OM4Mvx/0, createdBy=9cee1982656, createdName=执着追梦, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 07:17:48 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338263, encodeId=ec12338263cd, content=很棒的研究,boss看起来年轻漂亮~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7e71713450, createdName=太阳系小猪, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:58:20 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338257, encodeId=7d9633825e65, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKcmgibQ4oCrK7Z6f4CvMcs4k7QUGCkhopcGxvxaBfVciadECSIwaRVttllIOEKumpEaRrq5PoOUxow/0, createdBy=e3bb2081203, createdName=哈哈869, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:55:37 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338246, encodeId=692033824692, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:50:07 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-13 哈哈869

    学习了

    0

  10. 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createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:58:20 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338257, encodeId=7d9633825e65, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKcmgibQ4oCrK7Z6f4CvMcs4k7QUGCkhopcGxvxaBfVciadECSIwaRVttllIOEKumpEaRrq5PoOUxow/0, createdBy=e3bb2081203, createdName=哈哈869, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:55:37 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338246, encodeId=692033824692, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Mon Aug 13 06:50:07 CST 2018, time=2018-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-13 神功盖世

    0

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Ann Oncol:RCC和NSCLC:抗生素使免疫检查点抑制剂的疗效大打折扣

与化疗和靶向治疗等手段相比,免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)起效的机制,在于重新激活癌症患者体内的免疫细胞,发挥它们强大的杀伤力,在临床治疗中屡屡上演绝地反击,治愈原有手段无济于事的患者的奇迹。但2018年6月,发表在《Ann Oncol》的一项研究显示,抗生素(ATB)可通过改变肠道菌群多态性和组成,造成生态失调,从而使ICI的疗效大打折扣。

Nat Commun:意想不到!抗生素竟然可以控制血糖?

7月20日《Nature Communications》报道:Salk研究所的一项新研究发现,用抗生素处理小鼠,使其肠道细菌减少之后,小鼠血液中葡萄糖水平相应降低,对胰岛素敏感性提高。这项研究指明了微生物对糖尿病的意义,补充了抗生素治疗的其他副作用。

BMJ:2011-15年间美国门诊老年患者抗生素使用变化趋势研究

研究发现,2011-15年间美国门诊抗生素以及不适当的抗生素使用呈现出稳定中略降的趋势

抗生素污染 健康新隐患

研究表明,生活污水、医疗废水和农业径流中包含了各种抗菌物质,天然细菌群落与一同排出的耐药细菌直接接触后,会推动细菌进化,产生更多耐药菌株。

JAMA Surgery:用药指南或要改写!多项研究夯实抗生素环丙沙星的“阴暗面”

环丙沙星除适用于尿路感染、肠道感染等外,还可治疗由流感杆菌、大肠杆菌等引起的骨和关节感染、皮肤软组织感染、肺炎、败血症等,具广谱抗菌活性,杀菌效果好。但最近一些研究却带来“一记重锤”:包括环丙沙星在内的氟喹诺酮类抗生素的使用或会破坏结缔组织的正常功能,包括肌腱断裂、肌腱炎和视网膜脱离。这些研究还表明副作用可能会影响到其他类型的结缔组织。

NEJM:降钙素原指导下呼吸道感染使用抗生素的意义

抗生素使用过度是一个公共卫生问题,会增加健康医疗花费和抗生素耐药。抗生素使用过度常见于下呼吸道感染,但是细菌感染和病毒感染的临床征象相似。降钙素元是一种肽,浓度升高通常与细菌感染有关,而不是病毒感染;降钙素原升高的程度与感染的严重性有关,降钙素原水平随时间降低与感染缓解有关。几个欧洲试验已经评价了是否降钙素原结果指导怀疑下呼吸道感染治疗能够减少抗生素的使用。这些试验显示基于降钙素原的指导方案能够降