WHO:全球空气污染严重城市,新德里居首,北京上海分居六七位

2016-10-04 MedSci MedSci原创

世界卫生组织(WHO)发布报告称,印度首都新德里被评为全球空气污染最严重的城市,其污染程度超出北京和上海。 报告称,9月22日至28日间,新德里空气中的PM2.5超出安全标准3倍,其PM10的浓度则达到229 μg/m3,新德里成为全球唯一一个该指标超过200 μg/m3的城市。根据世卫组织的标准,PM10的浓度不应超过20 μg/m3。 埃及首都开罗和孟加拉国首都



世界卫生组织(WHO)发布报告称,印度首都新德里被评为全球空气污染最严重的城市,其污染程度超出北京和上海。

报告称,9月22日至28日间,新德里空气中的PM2.5超出安全标准3倍,其PM10的浓度则达到229 μg/m3,新德里成为全球唯一一个该指标超过200 μg/m3的城市。根据世卫组织的标准,PM10的浓度不应超过20 μg/m3。

埃及首都开罗和孟加拉国首都达卡分别以179 μg/m3和158 μg/m3的PM10浓度排名第三、四位。北京和上海的空气污染程度分别名列第六和第七

根据卫生组织数据,全球每年因空气污染死亡的人数超过3百万人。

全球空气污染趋势

世卫组织在2008-2013年五年时间内比较了67个国家总计795个城市的颗粒物(PM10)和细颗粒物(PM2.5)水平。分析得出区域趋势如下:

121.png

全球城市空气污染水平上升了8%。

高收入国家的城市空气污染水平较低,大部分空气污染水平较低的城市分布在欧洲、美洲和西太平洋地区。

城市空气污染水平最高的地方分布在东地中海区域和东南亚区域的低收入和中等收入国家,其年平均水平往往超过世卫组织限值的5-10倍;紧随其后的是西太平洋区域的低收入城市。

在人口超过10万的城市,低收入和中等收入国家中有98%不符合世卫组织空气质量标准,即10微克/立方米。在高收入国家,该比例为56%。

122.png

全球各区域PM2.5年均浓度值及分布

全球空气污染最严重的城市TOP30

根据WHO全球城市污染数据库的最新数据,全球空气最严重的30个城市中有14个在印度,6个在中国。中国的邢台和保定位列全球污染最严重前十个城市。

123.png

全球3000个城市PM2.5年均浓度值

124.png

全球30个空气污染最严重的城市排名 

中国污染最严重的城河北省邢台市,2014年PM2.5的平均浓度为128ug/m3,在全球2973座城市中排名第九。WHO共收录211座中国城市,其中162座城市的PM2.5年均值超过WHO设定的过渡目标1,即35微克/立方米。

125.png

中国印度城市PM2.5年平均浓度值 

值得一提的是,中国在持续公开空气污染监测数据,而且根据绿色和平城市PM2.5排名项目2015年的数据,中国在向污染宣战已取得初步成效,正逐渐脱离“最污染城市”梯队。189座中国城市的2015年PM2.5年均值相比2014年下降了10%。

但目前见到的转变主要发生在《大气污染防治行动计划》中提及的重点区域。中国政府需要将治霾经验尽快推广到全国,特别是中西部地区;而这些已经达到中国空气质量标准(35微克/立方米)的城市,应该尽快制定和发布计划以尽早促使空气质量达到WHO的准则值,即10微克/立方米。

空气污染是人类健康面临的最大环境威胁

根据WHO,高浓度的颗粒物和细颗粒物高度集中造成的环境污染是人类健康面临的最大环境风险,在全世界每年导致300多万人过早死亡。

随着城市空气质量下降,城市居民也就面临更大的罹患脑卒中、心脏病、肺癌以及包括哮喘在内的急慢性呼吸道疾病的风险。

但是,城市室外空气污染的大部分来源是个人无法控制的,需要城市采取行动,也需要国家和国际决策者促进更清洁的交通以及更高效的能源生产和废物管理。

世卫组织的空气质量指南为构成健康风险的重要空气污染物的阈值和限值提供全球指导。该指南指出,将颗粒物污染从每立方米70微克降到20微克,空气污染相关死亡可能减少约15%。

文章来源:

世界卫生组织:链接

绿色和平:链接

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    2016-10-22 ylzr123

    赞一个!好文章拜读了,认真学习了。

    0

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    2016-10-05 1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称)

    分享一下!!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=150310, encodeId=7207150310ce, content=赞一个!好文章拜读了,认真学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Sat Oct 22 11:39:42 CST 2016, time=2016-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1472515, encodeId=e83f14e25153b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ba4a6436107' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#污染#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64361, encryptionId=ba4a6436107, topicName=污染)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dfe67217539, createdName=小刀医生, createdTime=Thu Oct 06 13:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140548, encodeId=d620140548cf, content=分享一下!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160817/IMG57B3C3F6DC2FD8753.jpg, createdBy=81321934679, createdName=1e0d99ddm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Oct 05 20:28:17 CST 2016, time=2016-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140227, encodeId=37dc14022e77, content=谁都只是说说,确不能减少什么。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 23:58:13 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140226, encodeId=bd1d140226a8, content=为啦利益,污染是必须的。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 23:57:45 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140225, encodeId=eab414022523, content=污染是人类造成的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 23:57:14 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=140151, encodeId=f04914015100, content=居安思危啊!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4PNicOvbHfgIficrsEKztlD5yv1UnCFhnFmFU9yv1RHLflMRibWrppbsiccfMB8tT9HCkAr3zL2zVml/0, createdBy=89da1604922, createdName=䖝二, createdTime=Tue Oct 04 23:09:33 CST 2016, time=2016-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-04 医路开来

    谁都只是说说,确不能减少什么。

    0

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    2016-10-04 医路开来

    为啦利益,污染是必须的。

    0

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    2016-10-04 医路开来

    污染是人类造成的

    0

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    2016-10-04 䖝二

    居安思危啊!

    0

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