FDA黑框警告:这两类药混吃要小心

2016-09-13 海洋 医学界临床药学频道

导语:阿片类止痛或镇咳药与苯二氮卓类药物混吃要小心。FDA于8月31日发出黑框警告,强烈建议阿片类药物不要与苯二氮卓类或其他抑制中枢神经系统的药物混合服用,以免造成严重不良反应,包括呼吸困难甚至死亡。FDA要求修订阿片类和苯二氮卓类药物的药品标签及用药指导,具体包括黑框警告、警告及注意事项、适应症和用法、患者咨询信息等部分。FDA还表示,将会继续评估阿片类成瘾及戒断的辅助治疗药物,与苯二氮卓类药物

导语:阿片类止痛或镇咳药与苯二氮卓类药物混吃要小心。

FDA于8月31日发出黑框警告,强烈建议阿片类药物不要与苯二氮卓类或其他抑制中枢神经系统的药物混合服用,以免造成严重不良反应,包括呼吸困难甚至死亡。

FDA要求修订阿片类和苯二氮卓类药物的药品标签及用药指导,具体包括黑框警告、警告及注意事项、适应症和用法、患者咨询信息等部分。

FDA还表示,将会继续评估阿片类成瘾及戒断的辅助治疗药物,与苯二氮卓类药物或其他中枢神经系统抑制药物联用的安全问题。同时评估是否有必要对其他中枢神经系统抑制药物进行标签修改,并将及时更新最新消息。FDA同时希望患者和医务人员积极上报相关药物不良反应。

医务人员需要注意:

1、应严格限制开处阿片类止痛药物与苯二氮卓类药物或其他中枢神经系统抑制药物,仅适用于没有其他治疗方案的患者。

2、如果必须同时开处这两类药物,那么在达到预期临床效果的前提下,应优先选择最低给药剂量及最短持续用药时间。

3、应提醒患者及看护人,两药合用有可能引发嗜睡及呼吸问题,重者导致昏迷甚至危及生命。

4、避免给正在服用苯二氮卓类药物或中枢神经受抑制的患者(如酗酒者)开处阿片类镇咳药物。

患者应注意:

1、当阿片类药物与苯二氮卓类药物、其他中枢神经系统抑制药物或酒精两者同时服用时,一旦出现相关的症状如不寻常的头晕、眩晕、嗜睡、呼吸减缓或困难、没有反应(不能正常回应或叫不醒)时,患者及看护者应立即寻求医务人员帮助。

2、有任何关于服用阿片类药物和苯二氮卓类药物的问题,应积极咨询医务人员。

3、服药期间不能喝酒,酒精能够抑制中枢神经系统。

4、将药物存放在合适的地方,避免儿童误服。

背景知识:

在美国,阿片类药物及苯二氮卓类药物都属于常用的处方药。2014年美国有81,000,000 患者被开处阿片类药物,30,000,000患者被开处苯二氮卓类药物。而如今,医生同时开处阿片类药物与苯二氮卓类药物也日益增多。

阿片类药物常用于止痛及镇咳,属于强效麻醉药品,用于中重度疼痛治疗,具有成瘾性,过量使用及滥用会有死亡风险。(阿片类药物如可待因和氢可酮与其他药物联合制成的复方制剂被批准用于镇咳。)

苯二氮卓类药物有抗焦虑、镇静催眠、抗惊厥等作用,常用于治疗焦虑、失眠及癫痫。阿片类药物及苯二氮卓类药物均能抑制中枢神经系统(CNS)。

常用阿片类止痛及镇咳药:

阿芬太尼、丁丙诺啡、布托啡诺、可待因、二氢可待因、芬太尼、氢可酮、二氢吗啡酮、哌替啶、美沙酮、吗啡、羟考酮、羟吗啡酮、喷他佐辛、瑞芬太尼、舒芬太尼、他喷他多、曲马朵。

常用苯二氮卓类及其他中枢神经系统抑制药物:

苯二氮卓类:

阿普唑仑、氯氮卓、氯巴占、氯硝西泮、氯拉卓酸、地西泮、艾司唑仑、氟西泮、劳拉西泮、奥沙西泮、夸西泮、替马西泮、三唑仑。

其他镇静催眠类药物:

仲丁巴比妥钠、艾司佐匹克隆、戊巴比妥、雷美替胺、司可巴比妥钠、苏沃雷生、扎来普隆、唑吡坦。

肌松药:

巴氯芬、卡立普多、氯唑沙宗、环苯扎林、丹曲林、美他沙酮、美索巴莫、邻甲苯海明、替扎尼定。

抗精神病药物:

阿立哌唑、阿塞那平、卡利拉嗪、氯丙嗪、氯氮平、氟奋乃静、氟哌啶醇、伊潘立酮、洛沙平、鲁拉西酮、吗茚酮、奥氮平、帕潘立酮、奋乃静、匹莫范色林、喹硫平、利培酮、甲硫哒嗪、氨砜噻吨、三氟拉嗪、齐拉西酮。

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    2016-12-13 yfjms

    继续学习

    0

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    2016-09-14 1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称)

    学习了,赞一个!!!

    0

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    2016-09-14 1dd8a7c5m95(暂无匿称)

    学习了,赞一个!!!

    0

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    2016-09-13 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

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    2016-09-13 doctorJiangchao

    这些分享

    0

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    2016-09-13 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

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    2016-09-13 doctorJiangchao

    继续关注

    0

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