J Child Adol Psychop:奥氮平辅助治疗儿童青少年进食障碍

2017-11-07 佚名 大话精神

回避限制性食物摄入障碍(ARFID)是DSM-5提出的一种新进食障碍。它取代同时扩展了DSM-IV婴幼儿喂养障碍,以及DSM-IV躯体形式障碍。ARFID不同于神经性厌食症,,它以恐惧食物而回避为特点,关键诊断特征是食物摄入的限制和随后的营养剥夺以及通常产生的生长迟缓,伴有以下特征:显着的体重减轻;明显的营养缺乏;显着干扰社交功能;或者在没有身体问题的担忧下依赖于肠内营养或口服补充剂。

回避限制性食物摄入障碍(ARFID)是DSM-5提出的一种新进食障碍。它取代同时扩展了DSM-IV婴幼儿喂养障碍,以及DSM-IV躯体形式障碍。ARFID不同于神经性厌食症,,它以恐惧食物而回避为特点,关键诊断特征是食物摄入的限制和随后的营养剥夺以及通常产生的生长迟缓,伴有以下特征:显着的体重减轻;明显的营养缺乏;显着干扰社交功能;或者在没有身体问题的担忧下依赖于肠内营养或口服补充剂。

ARFID是一种严重的,临床上具有挑战性的儿童期喂养障碍,在受影响人群中导致显着的发病率和更高的死亡风险。到目前为止,其药理学治疗信息较少,这是一种与明显的损伤和发育性阻滞有关的进食障碍,本文这份临床报告旨在填补这一空白。

方法

对一系列采用低剂量辅助性奥氮平治疗的ARFID患者进行了回顾性分析,包括8名女孩和3名男孩,这些患者入院后被诊断为ARFID,入院前未被确诊,但有症状多年。在这11例患者中,其中9例(8名女孩,1名男孩)接受辅助性奥氮平治疗,平均年龄14.4-4.1岁,范围9-19岁,入院时平均体重为77.7-17.9 lbs (70.40-16.24 lb SI),平均身高58.8-6.5英寸(149.35-16.51cm),平均BMI为15.6-1.8kg/m2,平均BMI指数年龄百分位数为11.0-14.7。

患者以结构化方案进行治疗,包括一天六次的膳食行为治疗。如果患者在治疗初期未表现出饮食改善和体重增加,对结构化方案没有反应,则提供低剂量奥氮平治疗。7例患者开始剂量0.625mg,一例1.25mg,一例2.5mg,睡前服用。然后根据临床反应和副作用缓慢滴定剂量,持续监测每日饮食行为、体重和心理反应。

结果

奥氮平初始和最终平均剂量分别为0.9-0.63mg/d与2.8-1.47mg/d,体重和体重指数平均变化为16.4-9.6lbs (14.88-8.71 lb SI),3.1-1.34kg/m2。奥氮平治疗前后体重增加具有统计学意义(3.3-7.3lbs vs. 13.1-7.9 lbs [2.99-6.62 lb SI vs.11.88-7.17 lb SI], p<0.04,t=-2.48)。

辅助性奥氮平治疗不仅有助于体重增加,而且还能减轻相关的焦虑、抑郁和认知症状,临床整体印象评分显着改善。

讨论与结论

回避限制性食物摄入障碍(ARFID)的精神药理学治疗信息缺乏,该报告补充了这一空白。据文献记录,奥氮平可能是神经性厌食症最有效的精神药理学治疗药物,该研究进一步显示了奥氮平对ARFID的积极疗效。除了增加食欲外,奥氮平还促进情绪稳定,减轻焦虑,加强认知,奥氮平对儿童和青少年的安全性也被证实。在这种情况下,本研究使用尽可能少的有效剂量产生临床效果,同时避免其不良反应,平均起始剂量<1mg/d,最终剂量<3mg/d。

这些病例表明,低剂量奥氮平辅助治疗可能有助于ARFID患者的饮食、体重增加以及焦虑、抑郁和认知症状的改善。未来有必要进行一系列相关的随机安慰剂对照研究。

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    2017-11-09 gj0737
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    2017-11-08 sunfeifeiyang

    奥氮平治疗饮食障碍

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