BMJ:孕期疯狂补充鱼油 有科学依据吗?

2018-10-30 吴星 环球医学网

毋庸置疑,孕期和婴儿期的饮食是儿童发育和健康的重要决定因素。为了让宝宝赢在第一步,孕妈们从孕期开始就补充各种营养物质。含有n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LCPUFA)的鱼类,更是准妈妈的不二之选,希望生出健康聪明的宝宝。准妈妈们的选择是否有科学依据呢?

毋庸置疑,孕期和婴儿期的饮食是儿童发育和健康的重要决定因素。为了让宝宝赢在第一步,孕妈们从孕期开始就补充各种营养物质。含有n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LCPUFA)的鱼类,更是准妈妈的不二之选,希望生出健康聪明的宝宝。准妈妈们的选择是否有科学依据呢?

既往膳食摄入鱼类的观察性研究以及妊娠期和哺乳期补充n-3 LCPUFA(鱼油)的随机对照试验一致认为,n-3 LCPUFA摄入量较高的女性所生婴儿出生体重较高;但分析认为这主要是由于胎龄增加所致,并未排除胎龄增大的情况。因此,妊娠期补充n-3 LCPUFA对儿童期人体测量学的长期影响尚不确定。

2018年9月,发表在《BMJ》的一项双盲、随机对照研究调查了,妊娠期补充n-3 LCPUFA对后代人体测量学和身体成分的影响。

该研究以哥本哈根儿童哮喘前瞻性研究2010年队列为基础。参与者为736名孕妇及其后代。从妊娠24周到出生后一周,每天补充n-3 LCPUFA(鱼油)或对照(橄榄油)。

主要结局测量指标为身高/长度、体重、头围和腰围、双能X线吸收法测量的身体成分(所有都是n-3 LCPUFA试验预先定义的次要终点;试验的首要结局为持续喘息/哮喘)。

与对照组相比,鱼油补充组,0~6岁期间,平均体质指数(BMI)z评分增加(0.14;P=0.006)。6岁时,鱼油补充与BMI z评分较高(0.19;P=0.004)、体重/身高较高(3.48g/cm;P=0.03)、腰围较大(0.6cm;P=0.04)相关,但与国际肥胖工作组肥胖分级确定的肥胖儿童比例较高不相关。

6岁时,双能X线吸收法扫描显示,与对照组相比,鱼油补充组总质量较高(395.4g;P=0.01),可能与肌肉含量较高(280.7g;P=0.002)、骨矿物质含量较高(10.3g;P=0.01)、脂肪含量非显着性升高(116.3g;P=0.28)相关,但是全身脂肪或肌肉百分比无差异。

作者认为,妊娠24周开始补充鱼油,后代0~6岁时BMI较高,但6岁时的肥胖风险不会增加。接受鱼油补充的儿童,6岁时身体成分的骨骼、肌肉含量和脂肪含量成比例增加,表明n-3 LCPUFA具有广泛的生长刺激效应。

也就是说,妈妈在妊娠期间补充鱼油的儿童,幼年时肌肉更发达,骨骼更强壮。

鱼油一直是充满争议的保健品之一,到目前为止,孕妇营养指南尚没有关于孕期补充鱼油的推荐,但现如今非常多的孕妈们会购买鱼油进行补充。该项研究显示,孕妈们的选择或有一定道理。就是,现今市面上此类产品众多,鱼龙混杂,选择还应谨慎。

原始出处:
Vinding RK1,2, Stokholm J1, Sevelsted A1, et al.Effect of fish oil supplementation in pregnancy on bone, lean, and fat mass at six years: randomised clinical trial.BMJ. 2018;362:k3312. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k3312.

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    2019-02-15 gaoxiaoe
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    2018-10-30 阿汤哥哥--研究肿瘤营养

    我家孕期补充了鱼油,孩子4岁,体格的确比较健壮,比大多数健壮,但不是肥胖

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