柳叶刀子刊大型荟萃分析:健康生活方式对预防糖尿病有多重要?发生风险立打75折!

2022-09-16 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

eClinicalMedicine:生活方式干预对2型糖尿病和妊娠期糖尿病发病率和心脏代谢结局的有效性:对低收入和中等收入国家证据的系统评价和荟萃分析

糖尿病是全世界主要的公共卫生负担。2021年,国际糖尿病联合会(IDF)估计,包括1型和2型糖尿病在内的全球糖尿病患病率在成年人(20-79岁)中为11%,其中81%居住在低收入和中等收入国家(LMICs)。同样,IDF报告称妊娠糖尿病(GDM)的总体患病率为13%,其中绝大多数病例也发生在低收入和中等收入国家。

在高收入国家(HICs),旨在改善生活方式的干预措施(广泛称为糖尿病预防规划)已成为通过灌输体重管理和最佳饮食和身体活动习惯来预防T2D发病的有效策略的标准。最近评估HIC生活方式干预的结果显示,分别在 T2D 和妊娠糖尿病减少了22%和 23%的风险。然而,将这些有希望的发现推广到HIC以外的地区仍然不确定。

本研究旨在进行系统评价和荟萃分析,以探索生活方式干预措施在改善低收入和中等收入国家高危人群中T2D和GDM发病率和血糖指标方面的有效性,并探索最具影响力的干预措施特征。

14330份摘要中,有48项(0.3%)研究(50项干预措施)符合条件,其中56%在中低收入国家进行,44%在中高收入国家进行,1项在低收入国家进行。54%的研究被评估为中度偏倚风险,14%被评估为高风险。

中位数为246IQR 137-511)人参加了干预措施,中位持续时间为63-12)个月。生活方式干预使2型糖尿病的发病率风险比降低了25%0.75 [95% CI 0.61 0.91]),将HbA1c水平降低了0.15% [−0.25 to −0.05],空腹血浆葡萄糖降低了3.44 mg/dL [−4.72−2.17]2hr葡萄糖耐量降低了4.18 mg/dL [−7.35−1.02]。对于这些结局,没有提出发表偏倚。在大多数荟萃分析中发现了高水平的异质性(I²≥81%)。由于现有研究的稀缺性,无法评估对妊娠糖尿病的影响。

总的来说,本系统评价和荟萃分析总结并量化了过去20年中发表的关于生活方式干预在低收入和中等收入国家高危人群中预防T2DGDM的有效性的证据。我们的分析表明,中位持续时间为18个月的全面,多目标和多组成部分的生活方式干预在将T2D发病率风险平均降低25%方面具有重要作用。结合这一发现,血糖水平的改善和心脏代谢指标(包括体重和身体成分)也受到生活方式干预的有利影响。相比之下,由于研究不足,无法评估GDM的综合效应,但少数可用证据也指出了有希望的影响。

 

原文来源:

Diana Sagastume, et al. The effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes incidence and cardiometabolic outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence from low- and middle-income countries. eClinicalMedicine 2022;53: 101650 Published online xxx https://doi.org/10.1016/j. eclinm.2022.101650.

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    2023-04-16 venlin
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    2022-09-16 ms7000002063274156

    关注糖尿病市场

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