OCC 2014:SYMPLICITY HTN-3研究失败,肾去神经消融术并未终结——访高血压论坛坛主高平进教授

2014-06-19 occ 东方心脏病学会议

记者:您能否谈谈肾去神经消融术在难治性高血压领域的治疗进展及前景?高平进教授:难治性高血压是一种特殊性高血压,其治疗也是热门话题之一。自从2009年国际上首次发表用肾去神经消融术(RDN)治疗难治性高血压以来,该技术曾经一度在国内外掀起热潮。但在今年3月底ACC会议公布了SYMPLICITY HTN-3的结果以后,RDN治疗高血压似乎跌入低谷。SYMPLICITY HTN-3是迄今为止国际上最



记者:您能否谈谈肾去神经消融术在难治性高血压领域的治疗进展及前景?

高平进教授:难治性高血压是一种特殊性高血压,其治疗也是热门话题之一。自从2009年国际上首次发表用肾去神经消融术(RDN)治疗难治性高血压以来,该技术曾经一度在国内外掀起热潮。

但在今年3月底ACC会议公布了SYMPLICITY HTN-3的结果以后,RDN治疗高血压似乎跌入低谷。SYMPLICITY HTN-3是迄今为止国际上最大样本的RDN多中心随机对照临床试验,与以往不同的是该研究以假手术组为对照,所以理论上应该更具有说服力。但令人失望的是,最终结果提示手术组和假手术组并未达到预期的有效性终点,仅仅证实了RDN治疗的长期安全性,这一结果导致其他正在进行的RDN治疗难治性高血压的临床试验放慢了脚步,而准备开展的RDN临床试验也延缓了启动。

那么RDN到底何去何从?首先我们必须承认在理论上抑制过高的交感神经活性治疗难治性高血压的理念是正确的,早在上世纪30年代人们已应用这个理论,采用外科方式进行去神经干预降低血压目,后因一些比较严重的不良反应而终止。因此目前是应用老的理论,经导管选择性肾神经消融只是技术上更新。

SYMPLICITY HTN-3的失败有几点值得我们认真思考,首先,告诫我们严格筛选人群非常重要,因为高血压发生是非常复杂的过程,涉及机制很多,交感神经活性增高只是机制之一,我们应该选择交感活性真正增高的患者作为研究对象,而其他原因如焦虑症、呼吸睡眠暂停综合征都可能引起继发性交感神经活性升高,会影响试验效果的评估。

另外,虽然SYMPLICITY HTN-3的结果显示手术组和假手术组之间无显著差异,但一些亚组分析非常有意义:1. 如白人的手术组与假手术组之间显示显著差异(P<0.01),而黑人的手术组与假手术组之间未显示显著差异(P>0.05), 我们认为这可能是黑人中低肾素、盐敏感的患者较多,其首选治疗应该是利尿剂和CCB,对这些患者,消融术可能是不适宜的。2. >65岁和<65岁患者之间显示显著差异(P <0.01),我们认为这是因为随着年龄增高,交感活性越来越低,若都选择老年患者就会影响手术效果。而年轻人交感神经活性显然亢进,对肾神经消融反应自然好些。3.肾功能损伤和无肾功能损伤患者之间也有显著性差异,这可能与肾损伤激活交感神经活性有关。总之这些结果告诫我们严格筛选患者非常重要,要特别考虑这些因素。我不知道国际上的有关专家对亚组分析是否有认真讨论和思考,后续是否有相关系列文章发表。

其次,特别重要的是我们必须建立一个统一标准的RDN评估体系,因为术者目前无法判断RDN是否达到真正去神经的效果,盲目认为消融点数越多,去神经效果越好,并且盲目根据肾动脉长度来决定消融的靶点,这都有局限性,因此要建立统一标准的RDN评估体系,让术者及时判断去神经是否成功。目前国际上尚未解决这一问题。

再则,消融导管选择与术者资质也非常重要。SYMPLICITY HTN-3选择单极导管,目前导管有单极、螺旋型、超声和球囊等,SYMPLICITY HTN-3的失败或许只是单极导管的失败,由此推测所有导管都不行是不客观的,所以还应该对不同导管进行比较研究。另外,应该选择专业性非常强、有资质、有经验的医生来操作。

最后,我认为SYMPLICITY HTN-3的失败可能更体现了基础研究的重要性,因为在很多基础理论尚未解决的情况下,RDN技术就匆忙进入临床应用,这可能是造成失败的一个原因。如在动物实验中应首先证实RDN确实能使中枢神经系统交感兴奋性递质释放减少,而假受术并未减少释放。即用动物实验方法建立RDN的理论基础。

总之,我个人认为,SYMPLICITY HTN-3的失败并不意味着RDN技术的终结,在解决了上述几点问题后,我相信对于那些真正适用交感神经消融术的患者,RDN技术能给他们带来希望,同时我也期待RDN理论基础研究的突破,这可能会给其临床应用带来进展。

积极控制血压  延缓血管老化

记者:您能否谈谈血管老化与高血压的关系以及其临床意义?

高平进教授:我们曾经不止一次地讨论血管老化的问题,血管老化并非仅限于老年人。我们常常说的一句话就是:你的血管有多老,你的年龄就有多老。那么血管老化到底是生理现象还是病理现象。随着年龄增加,血管弹性渐渐丧失,胶原成分逐渐增多,管壁的胶原蛋白弹性蛋白比列发生改变,导致血管僵硬度逐渐增加,血管趋于老化。而一些病理现象,如高血压可能就是一种提前到来的血管老化,因为高血压的血流动力学和炎症介质变化会导致血管壁成分改变,如胶原增多,弹性蛋白减少,血管僵硬度因此增加,血管老化提前发生。如果很好地控制血压,减少血流动力学改变所致氧化应激,减少炎症介质释放,就可以使血管壁各组分维持在相对平衡的状态,由此延缓血管老化的发生。导致血管老化的危险因素除了高血压,还有糖尿病、高脂血症、代谢综合症等,以及不良生活习惯如吸烟、酗酒、高盐饮食等。临床经常可以看到,一些30多岁伴有上述危险因素的人检测内皮功能竟然已经是60岁老年人的水平,就是因为这些危险因素造成的。我们若及时采取一些相关措施,如积极治疗上述疾病,纠正上述不良生活习惯,延缓血管老化发生是可能的。

利尿剂治疗高血压存在优势人群

记者:利尿剂在高血压治疗中是否存在优势人群?

高平进教授:这几年,国内外指南都不再提一线药物的概念,五大类降压药物都可以作为初始治疗和维持治疗。但在临床实践中,很多医生都会顾忌利尿剂的副作用而不作为新发高血压的首选。鉴于利尿剂的特殊药理特征,我认为,利尿剂有它的特殊适宜人群。

中国盐敏感性高血压患者占相当比例,生化检测会发现这些患者属于低肾素,即以容量升高为主的高血压,对这些患者选择利尿剂非常合适,比如老年高血压,单纯收缩期性高血压患者大多属于这种情况。一系列大规模、多中心、随机对照试验(如SHEP、STOP-Hypertension、HYVET等)都证实利尿剂可以减少这些患者的心血管事件。另外,难治性高血压患者合用利尿剂可以使血压进一步下降。因为高血压的发病非常复杂,涉及多方面因素,对这些患者在原有治疗基础上,采用容量消减是可行的。甚至在糖尿病患者中,ADVANCE研究证实了以培哚普利和噻嗪样利尿剂吲达帕胺为基础的复方制剂强化血压控制方案!可以使心血管事件下降。

基于这些理由,英国高血压指南建议>55的高血压患者,首选利尿剂或钙拮抗剂。JNC8建议黑人高血压患者,包括糖尿病,起始治疗可选用噻嗪类利尿剂或钙拮抗剂。国际指南的更新充分提示降压达标最重要。再者,高血压合并心力衰竭患者使用利尿剂可以消除体内过多潴留的液体,减少心脏负荷,特别是与肾素-血管紧张素抑制剂联合使用效果更佳。当然利尿剂也有一些禁忌症,在使用时除了考虑其适应症,也要充分考虑其禁忌症。目前利尿剂种类很多,包括噻嗪类利尿剂、袢利尿剂,还有皮质醇受体拮抗剂如螺内酯,以及肾小管离子抑制剂阿米洛利等,可以根据患者情况选择利尿剂类型,遵循个体化治疗原则。


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    2014-12-06 xuyong536
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    2014-08-05 雕雕
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1773159, encodeId=cf251e73159d6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5298121e46e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MPL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12174, encryptionId=5298121e46e, topicName=MPL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10e638510530, createdName=xuyong536, createdTime=Sat Dec 06 19:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2088926, encodeId=0bd92088926b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cb3b918244' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HTN-3#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9182, encryptionId=cb3b918244, topicName=HTN-3)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=daa8281, createdName=雕雕, createdTime=Tue Aug 05 03:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1941530, encodeId=c3441941530b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=64c94e75a3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#City#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4775, encryptionId=64c94e75a3, topicName=City)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0cd7162, createdName=nakerunner, createdTime=Tue Feb 03 08:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1738480, encodeId=398c1e38480ff, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9dd4e63c4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CIT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4763, encryptionId=a9dd4e63c4, topicName=CIT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=eabf34462441, createdName=12498877m109暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jan 04 07:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1353001, encodeId=e46d1353001c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1d931321816' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#OCC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13218, encryptionId=1d931321816, topicName=OCC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Sat Jun 21 07:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1421600, encodeId=44db142160072, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4bc865819d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消融#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65819, encryptionId=4bc865819d2, topicName=消融)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1a193676008, createdName=xiangyuzhou972, createdTime=Sat Jun 21 07:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1560233, encodeId=e585156023369, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9fd65826da' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消融术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65826, encryptionId=a9fd65826da, topicName=消融术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1c4415117207, createdName=dingxiaobo, createdTime=Sat Jun 21 07:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1566242, encodeId=267c156624225, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9fd65826da' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消融术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65826, encryptionId=a9fd65826da, topicName=消融术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1c4415117207, createdName=dingxiaobo, createdTime=Sat Jun 21 07:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-03 nakerunner
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1773159, encodeId=cf251e73159d6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5298121e46e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MPL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12174, encryptionId=5298121e46e, topicName=MPL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10e638510530, createdName=xuyong536, createdTime=Sat Dec 06 19:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2088926, encodeId=0bd92088926b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cb3b918244' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HTN-3#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9182, encryptionId=cb3b918244, topicName=HTN-3)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=daa8281, createdName=雕雕, createdTime=Tue Aug 05 03:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1941530, encodeId=c3441941530b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=64c94e75a3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#City#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4775, encryptionId=64c94e75a3, topicName=City)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0cd7162, createdName=nakerunner, createdTime=Tue Feb 03 08:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1738480, encodeId=398c1e38480ff, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9dd4e63c4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CIT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4763, encryptionId=a9dd4e63c4, topicName=CIT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=eabf34462441, createdName=12498877m109暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jan 04 07:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1353001, encodeId=e46d1353001c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1d931321816' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#OCC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13218, encryptionId=1d931321816, topicName=OCC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Sat Jun 21 07:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1421600, encodeId=44db142160072, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4bc865819d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消融#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65819, encryptionId=4bc865819d2, topicName=消融)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1a193676008, createdName=xiangyuzhou972, createdTime=Sat Jun 21 07:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1560233, encodeId=e585156023369, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9fd65826da' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消融术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65826, encryptionId=a9fd65826da, topicName=消融术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1c4415117207, createdName=dingxiaobo, createdTime=Sat Jun 21 07:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1566242, encodeId=267c156624225, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9fd65826da' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消融术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65826, encryptionId=a9fd65826da, topicName=消融术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1c4415117207, createdName=dingxiaobo, createdTime=Sat Jun 21 07:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2014-06-21 zhaojie88
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1773159, encodeId=cf251e73159d6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5298121e46e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MPL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12174, encryptionId=5298121e46e, topicName=MPL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10e638510530, createdName=xuyong536, createdTime=Sat Dec 06 19:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2088926, encodeId=0bd92088926b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cb3b918244' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HTN-3#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=9182, encryptionId=cb3b918244, topicName=HTN-3)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=daa8281, createdName=雕雕, createdTime=Tue Aug 05 03:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1941530, encodeId=c3441941530b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=64c94e75a3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#City#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4775, encryptionId=64c94e75a3, topicName=City)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0cd7162, createdName=nakerunner, createdTime=Tue Feb 03 08:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1738480, encodeId=398c1e38480ff, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9dd4e63c4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CIT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4763, encryptionId=a9dd4e63c4, topicName=CIT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=eabf34462441, createdName=12498877m109暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jan 04 07:20:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1353001, encodeId=e46d1353001c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1d931321816' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#OCC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13218, encryptionId=1d931321816, topicName=OCC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Sat Jun 21 07:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1421600, encodeId=44db142160072, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4bc865819d2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消融#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65819, encryptionId=4bc865819d2, topicName=消融)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1a193676008, createdName=xiangyuzhou972, createdTime=Sat Jun 21 07:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1560233, encodeId=e585156023369, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9fd65826da' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消融术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65826, encryptionId=a9fd65826da, topicName=消融术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1c4415117207, createdName=dingxiaobo, createdTime=Sat Jun 21 07:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1566242, encodeId=267c156624225, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9fd65826da' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消融术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65826, encryptionId=a9fd65826da, topicName=消融术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1c4415117207, createdName=dingxiaobo, createdTime=Sat Jun 21 07:20:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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