Nat Genet:大量的罕见基因突变对银屑病影响或有限

2013-11-11 MedSci MedSci原创

 目前,主流假说普遍认为在人群中频率较低的罕见突变与复杂性遗传疾病的发生有着莫大关系,但是此假说却没能在来自安徽医科大学张学军教授、深圳华大基因研究院等单位的研究人员进行的21,309名中国银屑病患者和对照的目标区域基因测序研究中得到验证。这意味着罕见突变对银屑病的影响可能很有限。最新研究成果已发表于最新一期的《自然•遗传学》杂志上。   银屑病是一种常见的慢性炎症性皮肤病,累及人群较广

 目前,主流假说普遍认为在人群中频率较低的罕见突变与复杂性遗传疾病的发生有着莫大关系,但是此假说却没能在来自安徽医科大学张学军教授、深圳华大基因研究院等单位的研究人员进行的21,309名中国银屑病患者和对照的目标区域基因测序研究中得到验证。这意味着罕见突变对银屑病的影响可能很有限。最新研究成果已发表于最新一期的《自然•遗传学》杂志上。 
银屑病是一种常见的慢性炎症性皮肤病,累及人群较广,目前尚缺乏长期有效的治疗方法。银屑病可以在任何年龄段发病,尤以15~35岁年龄段为甚。其发病机制也比较复杂,虽然近年来全基因组关联分析(GWAS)发现了大量与银屑病关联的常见突变(>5%的等位基因频率),但只能解释部分遗传因素。除了与遗传因素有关外,环境,神经压力,药物,抽烟、饮酒等不良生活习惯等都可能诱发银屑病。 
研究人员首先对781位银屑病患者以及676位健康对照者的样本进行了外显子测序,旨在发现更多遗传因素的证据。数据分析检测到518,308个单核苷酸变异(SNVs),其中,20.62%的SNVs是非同义突变,68.13%是罕见突变(<1%的等位基因频率)。考虑到外显子研究阶段样本量有限,研究者们在第二阶段又进一步对9,946位银屑病患者和9,906位健康对照者的样本进行了靶向测序研究。他们共分析了1,326个靶向基因,包括622个与免疫调节相关的基因,并发现了82,387个非同义突变的SNVs,其中罕见突变所比例高达97.07%。 
经进一步分析后,科研人员在IL23R和GJB2这2个基因上检测到与全基因组关联分析(GWAS)信号独立的低频(1%-5%的等位基因频率)错义突变关联信号;在LCE3D,ERAP1,CARD14 和ZNF816A这几个基因中,检测到5个可能是致病突变的常见错义突变与银屑病的发生显著关联。此外,研究者们还认为在FUT2 和TARBP1这2个基因上发现的罕见错义突变可能也与银屑病的发生有关,但其关联没有达到全基因组显著水平。在以基因为单位的检验(gene-based test)中,也没有发现罕见突变在对照和患者中的分布有明显差异。此结果显示,目标区域编码区的低频和罕见非同义突变突变对银屑病的发生可能影响有限。 
此外,科研人员还对欧洲银屑病患者和中国银屑病患者之间的遗传异质性进行了分析。结果发现,中国和欧洲患者的基因中均发生了特异性的变异,其中位于GJB2基因上的错义突变(rs72474224)为中国患者所特有,而位于IL23R基因上的错义突变(rs11209026)是欧洲患者所特有的。另外,位于CARD14基因上的一个常见错义突变(rs11652075)则在两个地区患者中表现出一致性。 
华大基因该项目负责人金鑫指出:“大规模靶向测序使我们可以对目标区域的所有突变进行全方位分析。虽然我们没有发现与银屑病有密切关系的罕见编码区突变,但是研究所得的数据将有助于我们完善一些已知的(GWAS)信号以及对候选致病突变的进一步鉴定。接下来,我们仍需要在银屑病中验证此特征是否也存在于目标区域之外的其它区域,罕见突变对除银屑病之外的其它疾病的贡献也有待进一步研究。”



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    2014-10-16 cy0324
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    2014-08-03 canlab
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    2014-04-23 liye789132251
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    2013-11-13 syscxl

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