Stroke Vasc Neurol:2019年我国新增近394万卒中,其中缺血性卒中287万例,4.5小时内溶栓比例29.3%

2022-06-02 中国循环杂志 中国循环杂志

脑卒中危险因素患病率仍在攀升

根据中国脑卒中防治报告2018,我国40岁以上居民脑卒中标化患病率由2012年的1.89%上升至2016年的2.19%,推算1 242万人有脑卒中,每年196万人因脑卒中死亡。

近期,新版中国卒中统计报告发布。报告称,过去三十年来,中国脑卒中的粗死亡率一直在快速增长,增长速度超过了其他国家。虽然经年龄调整的标化死亡率有所下降,但因脑卒中死亡的绝对人数仍在逐年增加。

缺血性卒中发病率升高,脑出血下降

根据2019年全球疾病负担研究的结果,2019年中国新增脑卒中病例394万例,缺血性卒中287万例,脑出血85万例,蛛网膜下腔出血22万例。

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2019年,有219万人死于脑卒中,103万人死于缺血性脑卒中,107万人死于脑出血,9万人死于蛛网膜下腔出血。

1990~2019年,脑卒中的年龄标化发病率下降了9.3%,主要是脑出血和蛛网膜下腔出血的年龄标化发病率分别下降了53.1%和39.3%,而缺血性卒中的年龄标化发病率增加了34.7%。

1990~2019年,脑卒中年龄标化患病率增加了13.2%,缺血性脑卒中增加了33.5%。脑出血和蛛网膜下腔出血的年龄标准化患病率分别下降31.9%和21.9%。

2019年,脑卒中的年龄标准化死亡率下降了39.8%,达127.2/10万。1990年至2019年,年龄标准化死亡率下降幅度最大的是蛛网膜下腔出血(–84.1%),其次是脑出血(–48.1%)。

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脑卒中危险因素患病率仍在攀升

报告指出,危险因素在中国脑卒中患者中非常普遍;近20年来,中国普通人群脑卒中主要危险因素的患病率有所上升。

2004~2018年间,年龄标化超重患病率从24.0%上升至34.4%,肥胖患病率从7.1%上升至16.8%;高血压患病率从2002年的18.6%上升到2018年的27.5%。

2017年,根据美国糖尿病协会标准诊断,中国成年人中总糖尿病和糖尿病前期的加权患病率分别为12.8%和35.2%。

根据2014~2016年中国房颤流行病学调查,中国≥45岁人群中房颤加权患病率为1.8%,约相当于790万人口。

住院卒中患者主要危险因素为高血压

医院质量监测系统(HQMS)中1672家三级公立医院的数据显示,2019年共有341,168例卒中患者入院。

其中,281,875例(82.6%)为缺血性卒中,485,474例(14.2%)为脑出血,106,819例(3.1%)为蛛网膜下腔出血。患者的平均年龄66岁,男性占59.6%。

在缺血性脑卒中、脑出血和蛛网膜下腔出血患者中分别有1379例(占比<0.1%)、2604例(占比0.5%)、1250例(占比1.2%)年龄<18岁的卒中患者。

脑卒中患者中,城镇居民基本医疗保险覆盖率超过三分之一(1,231,519例,占36.1%),其次是城镇职工基本医疗保险(891,103例,占26.1%)和新型农村合作医疗(543,108例,占15.9%)。

不管是三级公立医院还是二级公立医院/私立医院医院,住院的卒中患者的主要危险因素为高血压(缺血性脑卒中为57.3%,脑出血为69.9%,蛛网膜下腔出血为44.1%),主要共病为肺炎或肺部感染(缺血性脑卒中为10.4%,脑出血为34.6%,蛛网膜下腔出血为29.7%)。

在三级公立医院卒中患者的院内死亡率为8.5%,中位住院时间为9.0天。

4.5小时内静脉rtPA 溶栓比例29.3%

2019年,来自中国卒中中心联盟1337家医院的323 601例卒中数据表明,对于缺血性脑卒中患者,4.5小时内接受重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗的比例为29.3%,早期抗血栓药物治疗比例86.1%,合并房颤患者的抗凝治疗比例为46.5%。

HQMS的数据显示,跨省进入其他省份的患者比例最大的是西藏,其次是青海、北京、内蒙古和安徽。来自其他省份的跨省入院患者比例最大的是北京、天津、上海和宁夏。

来源:

[1]Wang YJ, et al. China Stroke Statistics: an update on the 2019 report. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2022 Apr 20.

[2] 王陇德,刘建民,杨弋,等. 我国脑卒中防治仍面临巨大挑战——《中国脑卒中防治报告2018》概要.中国循环杂志, 2019, 34: 105-119.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3614.2019.02.001

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2001829, encodeId=d8742001829c3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d5df12695e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Neurol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12695, encryptionId=d5df12695e6, topicName=Neurol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8217292, createdName=yinhl1978, createdTime=Mon Oct 03 03:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1893510, encodeId=2f701893510c5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c738e93521f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#缺血性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79352, encryptionId=c738e93521f, topicName=缺血性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=66ec123, createdName=guihongzh, createdTime=Mon Jan 09 20:30:05 CST 2023, time=2023-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1806523, encodeId=1178180652339, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b649e9358fa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#缺血性卒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79358, encryptionId=b649e9358fa, topicName=缺血性卒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=636e2500187, createdName=12498da4m32(暂无昵称), createdTime=Thu Jan 12 07:30:05 CST 2023, time=2023-01-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1237030, encodeId=53f4123e0304c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fa10e93597f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#缺血性卒中#</a> ,还有一堆慢病,需要手术治疗的,现在多半都要为新冠让路, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=79359, encryptionId=fa10e93597f, topicName=缺血性卒中)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Sun Aug 07 08:45:37 CST 2022, time=2022-08-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1939396, encodeId=648719393967b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1c292818fd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2818, encryptionId=1c292818fd, topicName=ASC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Fri Apr 14 10:30:05 CST 2023, time=2023-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1227710, encodeId=aa52122e71033, content=打卡学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211111/81c0b64745c644319545ec26d7ef0b34/9ddb2864d5df4dd9bf4305e380bffc96.jpg, createdBy=c7835705079, createdName=屋顶瞄爱赏月, createdTime=Tue Jun 21 10:55:34 CST 2022, time=2022-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1224503, encodeId=71a7122450333, content=学习了,中国卒中现状<a href='/topic/show?id=b64035999ca' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卒中#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=35999, encryptionId=b64035999ca, topicName=卒中)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/05/12/539233de2bda9b8c67d179a9bf6036a1.jpg, createdBy=d4a42010049, createdName=叶子12, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 07:52:12 CST 2022, time=2022-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-08-07 小小医者

    #缺血性卒中# ,还有一堆慢病,需要手术治疗的,现在多半都要为新冠让路

    0

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    2022-06-21 屋顶瞄爱赏月

    打卡学习

    0

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    2022-06-05 叶子12

    学习了,中国卒中现状#卒中#

    0

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