JAMA Neuro:“万金油”免疫治疗真的万能!来看看NMDAR抗体脑炎IVIG的疗效

2021-09-22 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

影响NMDARE患者功能结果和复发的因素是不同的,但首次发病使用IVIG确实可以改善患者预后。

目前所拥有的数据表明,免疫治疗已被证明可以改善N-甲基-d-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)抗体脑炎(NMDARE)患者的预后并减少复发;因此免疫治疗已成为临床一线治疗方案。然而,特定治疗方法和组合的优越性仍不清楚。

为了绘制NMDARE患者使用免疫疗法的情况和安全性,确定功能不良和复发的早期预测因素,评估自首次报道NMDARE以来14年中免疫疗法使用和疾病结局的变化,并评估抗NMDAR脑炎一年功能状态(NEOS)评分。来自意大利帕多瓦大学医院妇女和儿童健康部儿科神经学的专家开展了一项全面的荟萃分析,结果发表在JAMA Neurology杂志上。

研究人员从开始到2019年1月1日在PubMed中进行系统性搜索已发表的文章,包括NMDAR抗体阳性的NMDARE患者和可用的个体免疫治疗数据。提取关于免疫疗法、发病时的临床特征、疾病过程和最终功能结局(改良Rankin量表[mRS]评分)的单个患者数据被输入多变量逻辑回归模型。

主要结果是发病后12个月的功能结果(好:mRS 0-2;差:mRS>2)和单相病程(发病后24个月以上没有复发)。

结果供评估了652篇文章中1550名患者的数据。其中,1508人中有1105人(73.3%)是女性,1526人中有707人(46.3%)发病时年龄在18岁以下。首次发病时与良好功能结局显著相关的因素包括年龄(青少年)和一线治疗选择球蛋白、皮质类固醇加静脉免疫球蛋白(IVIG),或皮质类固醇加IVIG加治疗性球蛋白。

与不良功能结局显著相关的因素是发病时年龄小于2岁或65岁以上,入住重症监护室,脑电图上的极端δ刷模式,在发病的头30天内没有进行免疫治疗,以及维持IVIG使用6个月以上。

发病时的年龄和性别与mRS评分之间的关系

与非复发性疾病显著相关的因素是使用利妥昔单抗或维持性IVIG使用6个月以上。青少年发病时的年龄与复发疾病明显相关。此外,利妥昔单抗的使用从13.5%(2007-2013年)增加到28.3%(2013-2019年),同时同期复发率下降(2008年及以前为22% vs 2017年及以后为10.9%)。

综上,影响NMDARE患者功能结果和复发的因素是不同的,但首次发病使用IVIG确实可以改善患者预后。

 

参考文献:

Use and Safety of Immunotherapeutic Management of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antibody Encephalitis: A Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. Published online September 20, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.3188

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    2021-09-25 wetgdt
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    2021-09-24 longerg
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    2021-09-24 xre2014

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DWI 高信号除了脑梗死,还有哪些是你知道的!!

神经科的一系列疾病中,DWI 高信号最常见的自然是缺血性脑卒中的急性期,但是当你见到主要累及皮层、且不按大脑血管供血区分布的弥漫性 DWI 高信号时,往往需要想到神经科最可怕的疾病之一。

脑炎、脑膜炎重症管理的新进展

在成人中进行的多中心研究提高了目前对重症脑膜炎和脑炎的流行病学和疾病预后认识。

DWI 高信号不一定都是脑梗死

神经科的一系列疾病中,DWI 高信号最常见的自然是缺血性脑卒中的急性期,这个恐怕学医的都知道,但是当你见到主要累及皮层、且不按大脑血管供血区分布的弥漫性 DWI 高信号时。