Stroke:NSAID与心脑血管疾病风险的关系

2015-03-09 小田 译 医学论坛网

有关高危人群用非甾体类抗炎药(NSAID)与其脑血管事件风险关系研究尚有限,因此,台湾学者们评估了短期应用(30天)选择性和非选择性NSAID对高血压患者缺血性和出血性卒中发生风险的影响。结果表明,高血压患者应用NSAID增加其罹患卒中的风险,尤其是缺血性卒中的风险。研究者提示,应对接受NSAID治疗患者进行密切的监测,尤其是高血压患者。相关文章3月3日在线发表于《卒中》(Stroke)杂

有关高危人群用非甾体类抗炎药(NSAID)与其脑血管事件风险关系研究尚有限,因此,台湾学者们评估了短期应用(30天)选择性和非选择性NSAID对高血压患者缺血性和出血性卒中发生风险的影响。结果表明,高血压患者应用NSAID增加其罹患卒中的风险,尤其是缺血性卒中的风险。研究者提示,应对接受NSAID治疗患者进行密切的监测,尤其是高血压患者。相关文章3月3日在线发表于《卒中》(Stroke)杂志。

该病例交叉研究纳入了1653例伴高血压的卒中受试者,在校正混淆因素后,评估NSAID对卒中的短暂影响。

结果显示,卒中前30天应用NSAID与缺血性卒中风险增加1.57倍有关,而与出血性卒中则无关(缺血性卒中校正比值比为1.57,出血性卒中为1.38)。

将NSAID分类后,非选择性NSAID显著增加缺血性卒中风险(校正比值比1.55),但不增加出血性卒中风险(校正比值比1.56)。

根据作用机制不同将NSAID分为非选择性和选择性,常用的非选择性NSAID药物包括芬必得、扶他林等,选择性COX-2抑制剂主要以塞来昔布为代表。

NSAID与心血管事件的关系

有关NSAID与心脑血管不良事件的研究,近期已发布了几篇,其中包括心肌梗死后进行抗凝治疗的患者若同时使用NSAID,出血和血栓形成事件风险增加,无论NSAID治疗持续多长时间。

另有一项系统性文献回顾显示,对乙酰氨基酚和不良事件的相关性存在剂量反应关系。不良事件包括死亡以及心血管、胃肠道和肾脏不良事件。对乙酰氨基酚为常用的NSAID之一。

小编总结,对于合并心脑血管疾病的患者,如果应用NSAID,应密切监测不良事件的发生,尤其是老年患者,因其合并疾病较多,可能用NSAID的几率较大。

附:NSAID处方药说明书修订内容(2008年)

【禁忌】

1.已知对本品过敏的患者。

2.服用阿司匹林或其他非甾体类抗炎药后诱发哮喘、荨麻疹或过敏反应的患者。

3.禁用于冠状动脉搭桥手术(CABG)围手术期疼痛的治疗。

4.有应用非甾体抗炎药后发生胃肠道出血或穿孔病史的患者。

5.有活动性消化道溃疡/出血,或者既往曾复发溃疡/出血的患者。

6.重度心力衰竭患者。

【注意事项】

1.避免与其它非甾体抗炎药,包括选择性COX-2抑制剂合并用药。

2.根据控制症状的需要,在最短治疗时间内使用最低有效剂量,可以使不良反应降到最低。

3.在使用所有非甾体抗炎药治疗过程中的任何时候,都可能出现胃肠道出血、溃疡和穿孔的不良反应,其风险可能是致命的。这些不良反应可能伴有或不伴有警示症状,也无论患者是否有胃肠道不良反应史或严重的胃肠事件病史。既往有胃肠道病史(溃疡性大肠炎,克隆氏病)的患者应谨慎使用非甾体抗炎药,以免使病情恶化。当患者服用该药发生胃肠道出血或溃疡时,应停药。老年患者使用非甾体抗炎药出现不良反应的频率增加,尤其是胃肠道出血和穿孔,其风险可能是致命的。

4.针对多种COX-2选择性或非选择性NSAIDs药物持续时间达3年的临床试验显示,本品可能引起严重心血管血栓性不良事件、心肌梗塞和中风的风险增加,其风险可能是致命的。所有的NSAIDs,包括COX-2选择性或非选择性药物,可能有相似的风险。有心血管疾病或心血管疾病危险因素的患者,其风险更大。即使既往没有心血管症状,医生和患者也应对此类事件的发生保持警惕。应告知患者严重心血管安全性的症状和/或体征以及如果发生应采取的步骤。

患者应该警惕诸如胸痛、气短、无力、言语含糊等症状和体征,而且当有任何上述症状或体征发生后应该马上寻求医生帮助。

5.和所有非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)一样,本品可导致新发高血压或使已有的高血压症状加重,其中的任何一种都可导致心血管事件的发生率增加。服用噻嗪类或髓袢利尿剂的患者服用非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)时,可能会影响这些药物的疗效。高血压病患者应慎用非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs),包括本品。在开始本品治疗和整个治疗过程中应密切监测血压。

6.有高血压和/或心力衰竭(如液体潴留和水肿)病史的患者应慎用。

7.NSAIDs,包括本品可能引起致命的、严重的皮肤不良反应,例如剥脱性皮炎、Stevens Johnson综合征(SJS)和中毒性表皮坏死溶解症(TEN)。这些严重事件可在没有征兆的情况下出现。应告知患者严重皮肤反应的症状和体征,在第一次出现皮肤皮疹或过敏反应的其他征象时,应停用本品。

参考文献:1、Association of Short-Term Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs With Stroke in Patients With Hypertension

2、Roberts E, et al. Paracetamol: not as safe as we thought? A systematic literature review of observational studies. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015

3、Olsen AM, Gisalason GH, McGettigan P, et al. Association of NSAID use with risk of bleeding and cardiovascular events in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy after myocardial infarction. JAMA 2015; 313:805-814.

4、关于修订非甾体抗炎药处方药说明书的通知国食药监注[2008]324号(2008年)

更多阅读:非甾体抗炎药物与心血管病风险(中华心血管病杂志2012年)


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    2015-11-17 wjywjy
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    2015-06-02 d830372
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    2015-03-11 amyloid
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