NEJM:发表新型肺炎初期传播特点,如果及早公开信息,武汉大瘟疫将会怎样?

2020-01-31 不详 医学界呼吸频道

此前,国际顶级医学期刊《柳叶刀》(Lancet)发表了7篇关于新型冠状病毒的文章(包括4篇原创研究论文、2篇评论及1篇社论),而世界卫生组织也连发了8份新型冠状病毒疫情的报告,表现了对于该疫情极大的关注。

截至1月30日6时,新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎确诊病例8169例,疑似病例12167例,治愈135例,死亡171例,防控形势依然严峻。
 
此前,国际顶级医学期刊《柳叶刀》(Lancet)发表了7篇关于新型冠状病毒的文章(包括4篇原创研究论文、2篇评论及1篇社论),而世界卫生组织也连发了8份新型冠状病毒疫情的报告,表现了对于该疫情极大的关注。
 
1月30日《新英格兰医学杂志》(NEJM)发表了一篇新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)肺炎(简称NCIP)流行病学研究的论文,研究者分析了武汉市最早确诊NCIP的425例患者,总结了NCIP的初期传播动力学特点。
 


患者多为男性,早期发病患者多与华南海鲜市场相关
 
研究者收集了截至2020年1月22日已报告的,经实验室确诊的NCIP患者的信息。在最早的425例NCIP确诊患者中,中位年龄为59岁,56%为男性,没有15岁以下病例。
 
研究者分析了三个时间段的病例特征:1月1日前发病的患者,也就是关闭华南海鲜批发市场的日期;1月1日至1月11日期间发病的患者,即向武汉提供RT-PCR试剂的日期;1月12日或之后发病的患者。
 
在2020年1月1日前发病的患者中,55%与华南海鲜批发市场相关,而在此后发病的病例中,仅8.6%与华南海鲜批发市场相关。发病较早的患者年龄略轻,男性比例较高。值得注意的是,医务人员在病例中所占的比例逐步增加(表1)。
 
表1 截至2020年1月22日时武汉新型冠状病毒感染肺炎患者的特征



平均潜伏期5.2天,R0为2.2
 
为了探索疾病的潜伏期,研究者又分析了10例确诊病例的暴露数据,估计平均潜伏期为5.2天(95% CI,4.1~7.0);潜伏期分布情况的第95百分位数为12.5天(95% CI,9.2~18)(图2A)。又通过对5组病例集群的信息进行分析,估计一人传至另一人的时间为7.5±3.4天(95% CI,5.3~19)(图2B)。
 
截至2020年1月4日,该疾病的增长率为每天0.10(95% CI,0.050~0.16),倍增时间为7.4天(95% CI,4.2~14)。根据上述由一人传至另一人的间隔时间分布情况,研究者估计基本再生数(R0)为2.2(95% CI,1.4~3.9)。
 
在1月1日之前发病的45例患者中,从发病至首次就诊的平均间隔期估计为5.8天(95% CI,4.3~7.5),与1月1日至1月11日期间发病的207例患者的数据相似,后者的平均间隔期为4.6天(95% CI,4.1~5.1)(图2C)。
 
在1月1日之前发病的44例患者中,从发病至住院的平均间隔期估计为12.5天(95% CI,10.3到~14.8),而1月1日至1月11日期间发病的189例患者从发病至住院的平均间隔期估计为9.1天(95% CI,8.6~9.7),1月1日之前发病的患者住院间隔期要长一些(图2D)。
 

图2.事件发生的关键时间的分布情况
 
研究者表示,尽管患者发病与就诊之间的间隔期一般较短,有27%的患者在发病后2天内就诊,但发病与住院之间的间隔期却要长得多,有89%的患者至少要到发病第5日才住院。这表明在疾病早期很难识别和隔离病例。研究者认为,为了积极主动追查和诊断病例,相关部门有必要在门诊和急诊科投入大量资源用以检测患者,这既可以在尚未发生传播的地区采取的疾病遏制策略,也可以更早地对患者采取临床治疗。
 
R0约为2.2,意味着什么?
 
R0约为2.2,这意味着每例患者平均将感染传给了另外2.2人。
 
一般而言,只要R0大于1,疫情就会不断加剧,而疾病控制措施的目标是将再生数降低至1以下。SARS的R0估计为3,但是通过隔离患者和严格控制感染的方式成功控制了SARS疫情。控制NCIP疫情所面临的挑战是更多患者发生轻度感染,以及有限的可用于隔离患者和隔离观察密切接触者的资源。1月23日以来,武汉及周边城市已经采取了封城措施,以减少患者向其他地区和国外的流动。
 
NCIP是否与SARS和MERS疫情相似呢?研究者表示,SARS和MERS疫情时的特征之一是传播力的异质性,特别是超级传播的发生情况,尤其是医院内发生的超级传播。尚未发现NCIP出现超级传播,但随着疫情的发展,有可能出现这一情况,因为已经有医务人员发生感染。
 
编者按

这些数据可能只有参考价值,因为各种原因,武汉公卫系统上报的数据可靠性不高。比如,高福院士曾据此认为:儿童对新型冠状病毒不易感!后被李兰娟院士澄清:新型冠状病毒是新病毒,没有不易感人群!同时,我们对《新英格兰医学杂志》、《柳叶刀》在本次瘟疫中的表现表示遗憾和不解,期待它们回应:论文优先发表,而不是及早通过媒体公布信息,是否符合科研伦理?是否符合其医学期刊的价值观?

原始出处:

Qun Li, M.Med. Xuhua Guan, Peng Wu. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa2001316

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    2020-02-01 Tamikia
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    2020-02-01 马松

    学习

    0

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    2020-01-31 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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    2020-01-31 1551f0853dm

    抢发论文,预警不够,cctv采访G了。

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1928603, encodeId=e92b19286031e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=686e582e7ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新型肺炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58277, encryptionId=686e582e7ff, topicName=新型肺炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a8e213, createdName=hongbochen, createdTime=Tue Sep 22 13:40:00 CST 2020, time=2020-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1576108, encodeId=a05215e61080c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=52fde122145' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#瘟疫#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71221, encryptionId=52fde122145, topicName=瘟疫)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=78a616300629, createdName=Tamikia, createdTime=Sat Feb 01 23:40:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=378773, encodeId=ca6b3e8773be, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/ww268miauWI6vzN1ibhl6jg0T4kYy9XuHVxCmmetAq550VLmjIicFWSq9oPfrgCIb2SBLe3fm4hSNhHRrpNGuYY0Q/132, createdBy=defb2406143, createdName=马松, createdTime=Sat Feb 01 08:41:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1035106, encodeId=4f0410351067b, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Fri Jan 31 11:40:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=378743, encodeId=4fed3e874313, content=抢发论文,预警不够,cctv采访G了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9b932072987, createdName=1551f0853dm, createdTime=Fri Jan 31 10:02:21 CST 2020, time=2020-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=378742, encodeId=667d3e874259, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Jan 31 09:43:32 CST 2020, time=2020-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-01-31 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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