Nat Genet:中国科学家发现肺多能干细胞参与肺脏再生

2019-02-21 佚名 中国生物技术网

肺脏是人体的呼吸器官,对气体交换和抵御病原体入侵至关重要。肺脏一旦受损,人体正常生命活动也将受到影响。中国科学院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所周斌、季红斌研究团队与广州生物医药与健康研究院彭广敦研究团队合作证实在人体中存在一种参与肺脏再生的肺多能干细胞,它可以“按需分化”,完成肺脏内部的“跨界维修”。相关成果于2月19日发表于国际学术期刊《自然•遗传学》。

肺脏是人体的呼吸器官,对气体交换和抵御病原体入侵至关重要。肺脏一旦受损,人体正常生命活动也将受到影响。中国科学院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所周斌、季红斌研究团队与广州生物医药与健康研究院彭广敦研究团队合作证实在人体中存在一种参与肺脏再生的肺多能干细胞,它可以“按需分化”,完成肺脏内部的“跨界维修”。相关成果于2月19日发表于国际学术期刊《自然•遗传学》。
 
 
肺脏自近端到远端包括气管、支气管、小支气管和肺泡等结构。肺泡是肺部进行气体交换的主要部位,也是肺的功能单位。通过呼吸作用进入肺部的氧气可以经过肺泡向周围的血管弥散,血管腔内含氧量低的静脉血就会转变为含氧量高的动脉血,随着血液循环输送到全身各处。同时,人体代谢产生的废气二氧化碳经由血液扩散到肺泡,通过呼吸作用排出体外。
 
已有研究表明,在肺组织受到损伤时,多种肺支气管上皮细胞和肺泡上皮细胞会大量增殖、分化,替代补充受损死亡的细胞,以维持肺呼吸功能的正常运行。它们功能强大,但也只“专精”于一个领域:不同位置的上皮细胞只负责维持并修复各自区域的上皮层。
 
近年来有科学家提出一种新的肺多能干细胞——支气管肺泡干细胞(BASCs),它位于小支气管与肺泡交界处,同时拥有支气管上皮棒状细胞和II型肺泡上皮细胞的分子特征。但这群细胞在体内是否真实存在以及是否具备分化潜能一直备受争议。
 
研究人员利用一种新型双同源重组标记技术,在实验小鼠体内实现了特异性标记和示踪BASCs。研究证明BASCs在体内确实存在;同时发现在正常条件下,BASCs可以实现缓慢地自我更新,维持肺脏功能运转。
 
值得一提的是,研究人员发现,BASCs在不同损伤模型中具有“跨界”多向分化潜能。 对于这个“跨界”潜能,周斌解释说,“当肺支气管损伤后,BASCs能增殖、分化为支气管上皮棒状细胞和纤毛细胞;而肺泡损伤后,这群BASCs又能增殖分化为I型和II型肺泡上皮细胞,进而恢复肺功能。”
 
专家认为,该研究为肺修复再生提供了一个新的干细胞来源,为肺脏的损伤修复以及再生医学研究提供了新的思路,对肺部疾病干细胞治疗提供坚实理论基础,具有重要意义。
 
原始出处:
Qiaozhen Liu, Kuo Liu, Guizhong Cui, et al. Lung regeneration by multipotent stem cells residing at the bronchioalveolar-duct junction. Nature Genetics. Feb 2019.

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    2019-03-07 canlab
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    2019-03-24 liye789132251
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    2019-08-28 cy0324
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