NPJ Vaccines:意外之喜!结核疫苗竟能治疗糖尿病,效果可长达 8 年

2018-06-28 佚名 药明康德

近日,美国麻省总医院(MGH)的研究人员发现 2 剂结核病疫苗卡介苗(BCG)可以将糖尿病患者血糖恢复到接近正常水平,并保持最长达八年时间,同时他们也为这一现象提出了解释。

近日,美国麻省总医院(MGH)的研究人员发现 2 剂结核病疫苗卡介苗(BCG)可以将糖尿病患者血糖恢复到接近正常水平,并保持最长达八年时间,同时他们也为这一现象提出了解释。

1 型糖尿病的致病机理是负责产生胰岛素的胰脏β细胞遭自身免疫反应破坏,其病因可能包括多种基因和环境因素。患者的身体不能产生足够的胰岛素从而导致血糖水平过高,通常需要终身使用胰岛素。1 型糖尿病跟 2 型糖尿病可以由自身抗体检测区分。在美国约有 125 万 1 型糖尿病患者,其中五分之一是青少年。

MGH 对卡介苗的研究是基于卡介苗可以提高人体肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)的表达水平,而 TNF 可能清除病变的淋巴 T 细胞,避免后者攻击分泌胰岛素的胰脏β细胞。去年夏天,MGH 的研究人员证明卡介苗起效是因为它可以通过激活某些基因来能够恢复调节性 T 细胞(Tregs)。Tregs 是一种能够防止胰腺β细胞被破坏的免疫细胞,从而治疗 1 型糖尿病。

在一项小型的,52 名仍可分泌微量胰岛素的 1 型糖尿病患者参与的 1 期临床试验中,MGH 的研究人员发现间隔四周的 2 剂卡介苗有助于恢复患者的血糖水平,包括那些已经患病多年的患者。卡介苗组对比安慰剂组的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)水平,为 6.65% vs 7.22% (P=0.0002)。实验结果在近期《NPJ Vaccines》杂志上发表,文章中研究人员认为原因之一是卡介苗可以改变细胞的代谢过程,消耗更多的葡萄糖。


▲MGH 免疫生物学实验室主任 Denise Faustman 博士(图片来源:Faustman Lab)

此项试验的研究负责人,MGH 免疫生物学实验室主任 Denise Faustman 博士说:“BCG 不只在 DNA 水平重编了免疫应答,还重启了高血糖消耗的代谢途径。”


▲卡介苗引起三羧酸循环(Krebs cycle)下调,葡萄糖分流至磷酸戊糖旁路(Pentose shunt)

Faustman 及其团队观察到卡介苗给药将葡萄糖代谢从氧化磷酸化转变为细胞消耗量更大的有氧糖酵解过程。该假设认为卡介苗会引起下调三羧酸循环,加速有氧糖酵解,同时增加葡萄糖摄取,分流葡萄糖至磷酸戊糖旁路以增强嘌呤的生物合成。研究期间从患者收集的 DNA 和 RNA 证明了这一点。氧化磷酸化是细胞将葡萄糖转化为能量的最常见方式,而有氧糖酵解则消耗更大量的葡萄糖。Faustman 博士解释道:“当转到有氧糖酵解模式,像白细胞这样的细胞会消耗 10-20 倍的糖。”

MGH 已经筹集了超过 2000 万美元用于其卡介苗糖尿病研究,提供资金的基金会对扶持一种已被证明是安全、廉价、没有专利保护的治疗方案很感兴趣。

MGH 目前正在进行在 150 名糖尿病患者中开展的为期 5 年的卡介苗 2 期研究。该研究是随机分组和安慰剂对照的,所有患者都有这种疾病多年,就像 1 期的情况一样。

Faustman 博士说:“最重要的是,人们一直认为,确诊多年后逆转糖尿病的过程是不可能的。迄今为止,所有针对糖尿病的免疫试验都限于新确诊的患者。没有人认为你可以在 10 年或 20 年后对人进行免疫治疗。我们的数据显示了持续 8 年的耐用性,无需再接种,在这一点上意义非凡。”

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    2019-05-03 kalseyzl
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    2018-06-29 kafei

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-06-28 122a76b1m89暂无昵称

    伟大的科学家

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    2018-06-28 一个字-牛

    学习了谢谢分享

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