.JAMA Netw Open:盐酸羟考酮(强阿片类药物)与对乙酰氨基酚和可待因(轻度阿片类药物)联合应用治疗骨折手术后亚急性疼痛的疗效比较

2022-03-25 医路坦克 MedSci原创

阿片类药物已经使用了几个世纪,是最有效的止痛剂。本文主要目的是验证强阿片类药物在骨折手术后出院后第一周内比轻度类阿片类药物具有更强的止痛作用的假设。

    阿片类药物已经使用了几个世纪,是最有效的止痛剂。证据支持使用阿片类药物来缓解中到重度疼痛,特别是急性疼痛和癌症疼痛。在后一种情况下,阿片类药物的疗效得到了广泛的证明和广泛接受。然而,证据不支持使用阿片类药物治疗慢性非癌症疼痛。尽管有证据表明长期使用阿片类药物与不良后果有关,但慢性疼痛的阿片类药物处方有所增加。虽然关于阿片类药物的短期使用几乎没有争议,但长期使用阿片类药物是有争议的,一些医生越来越不愿开这些药物。

     最有效的阿片类止痛药也最容易与滥用和成瘾有关。随着全球对阿片类药物处方增加和阿片类药物滥用流行的关注,正在重新考虑和重新审查阿片类药物的疼痛管理。骨科医生是阿片类止痛药的主要处方医生之一。骨科手术治疗后严重的术后疼痛是常见的,安全有效地管理这种疼痛可能是具有挑战性的。疼痛的完全缓解是患者满意度的衡量标准,可能与手术后慢性疼痛的减少有关;然而,服用阿片类药物治疗急性疼痛与长期使用阿片类药物的可能性增加有关。此外,初始阿片类药物暴露增加(即增加总剂量或更长时间的处方)与长期使用、误用和过量使用的风险增加有关,这表明应仔细考虑出院后使用阿片类药物的强烈处方。术后疼痛有许多选择,但亚急性环境下出院后临床选择的证据很少。然而,手术治疗的骨折患者通常(在许多地方是例行公事的)出院,开出强烈的阿片类药物处方。

     为了最大限度地减少与长期使用阿片类药物相关的潜在问题,我们建议如果强阿片类药物没有显示出优势的话,出院是最合适的时间将止痛药阶梯上由步骤3(强阿片类药物)过渡到到步骤2(轻度阿片类药物)止痛药,考虑到这一点,我们进行了一项优势试验,以确定在接受骨科手术治疗的患者出院后服用强阿片类药物(按照目前的做法)是否比轻度阿片类药物(对乙酰氨基酚和小剂量可待因的组合)具有更好的止痛效果。

     这项双盲、优势、随机的临床试验在澳大利亚悉尼的一家单中心大型创伤医院进行。参与者是在2016年7月27日至2017年8月22日期间接受手术固定治疗的长骨或骨盆、膝盖骨、跟骨或距骨急性非病理性骨折的住院患者。对2018年6月至10月的数据进行了分析。

    在出院时开始注射盐酸羟考酮5 mg 10 mg(即1或2片)或扑热息痛和可待因500 mg和8 mg或1000 mg和16 mg(即1或2片),每日4次,最长持续3周。

    主要结果是在治疗1周期间收集的每日疼痛评分的平均值,使用数字疼痛评级量表(NRS)进行测量。参与者被要求使用从0到10的NRS分数对他们在过去24小时内的平均疼痛进行评分,0分代表没有疼痛,10分代表可以想象到的最严重的疼痛。关键的次要结果是EuroQol 5维5级问卷(EQ-5D-5L)的反应、最严重的疼痛、药物不良事件、总体感知效果和重返工作岗位。

    共120例需要手术固定的急性骨科骨折患者被随机分为两组,其中强阿片组59例(男性43例,占72.9%;平均年龄36.0[14.1]岁;第1~7天平均口服吗啡当量32.9 mg);轻度阿片组61例(男性47例,占77.1%;平均[SD]年龄38.2[13.5]岁;第1~7天平均口服吗啡当量5.5 mg)。出院后第1~7天,强效阿片组和轻度阿片组的平均每日NRS疼痛评分分别为4.04(95%CI,3.67~4.41)和4.54(95%CI,4.17~4.90)。尽管强阿片类药物组的阿片类药物剂量增加了6倍,但两组之间的主要结果差异无统计学意义(−0.50[95%氯,−1.11至0.12];P=.11)。

    这项研究发现,在手术治疗的骨科骨折患者中,使用强阿片类药物治疗并不优于使用较温和的药物治疗疼痛。这些发现表明,出院后持续的一线强阿片类药物使用不应得到支持。

文献来源:Jenkin DE,  Naylor JM,  Descallar J,Effectiveness of Oxycodone Hydrochloride (Strong Opioid) vs Combination Acetaminophen and Codeine (Mild Opioid) for Subacute Pain After Fractures Managed Surgically: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA Netw Open 2021 11 01;4(11)

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    2022-09-12 feather89
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  4. 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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1684194, encodeId=9be116841947c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7425806967a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#联合应用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80696, encryptionId=7425806967a, topicName=联合应用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=091d28056243, createdName=s_pl2017, createdTime=Sun Jan 29 10:19:13 CST 2023, time=2023-01-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1729450, encodeId=f6441e294509a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, 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ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1321803, encodeId=f3b913218031e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=818246618a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#对乙酰氨基酚#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46618, encryptionId=818246618a4, topicName=对乙酰氨基酚)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=afdf491, createdName=lilili1104, createdTime=Sat Mar 26 08:19:13 CST 2022, time=2022-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1407212, encodeId=51b1140e21239, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1bdc3845181' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#可待因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38451, encryptionId=1bdc3845181, topicName=可待因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=20462610492, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Sat Mar 26 08:19:13 CST 2022, time=2022-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1455702, encodeId=25191455e0268, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=168f5233837' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性疼痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52338, encryptionId=168f5233837, topicName=急性疼痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4df15689135, createdName=minzju5054, createdTime=Sat Mar 26 08:19:13 CST 2022, time=2022-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-12-30 canlab
  6. 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  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1684194, encodeId=9be116841947c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7425806967a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#联合应用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80696, encryptionId=7425806967a, topicName=联合应用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=091d28056243, createdName=s_pl2017, createdTime=Sun Jan 29 10:19:13 CST 2023, time=2023-01-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1729450, encodeId=f6441e294509a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, 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ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1321803, encodeId=f3b913218031e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=818246618a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#对乙酰氨基酚#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46618, encryptionId=818246618a4, topicName=对乙酰氨基酚)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=afdf491, createdName=lilili1104, createdTime=Sat Mar 26 08:19:13 CST 2022, time=2022-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1407212, encodeId=51b1140e21239, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1bdc3845181' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#可待因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38451, encryptionId=1bdc3845181, topicName=可待因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=20462610492, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Sat Mar 26 08:19:13 CST 2022, time=2022-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1455702, encodeId=25191455e0268, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=168f5233837' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#急性疼痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52338, encryptionId=168f5233837, topicName=急性疼痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4df15689135, createdName=minzju5054, createdTime=Sat Mar 26 08:19:13 CST 2022, time=2022-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-03-26 lhlxtx
  8. 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  9. 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  10. 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