多学科综合治疗下,质子重离子技术如何和外科手术完美“相遇”?

2022-07-31 厚朴方舟 网络

目前质子重离子的适应范围多数还是未出现转移的实体瘤,包括脑肿瘤(颅底)、头颈部肿瘤(肉瘤)、纵隔肿瘤(早期食管癌)、肺癌(非小细胞)、肾盂癌/输尿管癌/膀胱癌、肝癌(单发/位于相邻区域)、胰腺癌等。

 

癌症的恶性程度高、治疗难度大,针对癌症需要采用包括手术、放疗、化疗、靶向治疗、免疫治疗在内的多学科综合治疗来提高患者的预后效果。作为国际先进的放射治疗技术,质子重离子治疗可以作为多种恶性肿瘤的主要根治性手段,治疗效果与手术相似,且能够在最大程度上保留器官的功能,减少对周围正常组织及器官的损害,提高患者的生存质量。

 

与此同时,质子重离子治疗与手术的配合也成为临床应用中的一大亮点。质子重离子可以作为术前辅助放疗、术后辅助放疗,消灭肿瘤细胞,从而提高肿瘤的控制率及患者的生存率

 

▲质子治疗机,图源:筑波大学附属医院质子治疗中心

 

质子重离子可以作为术前辅助疗法

 

手术是癌症患者获得根治的重要手段,对于因体能状态不佳或合并症等暂时不能耐受手术的患者,或预计手术创伤较大,可能导致辅助治疗困难或延迟的患者,可以采用新辅助治疗在术前消灭部分肿瘤,提高手术的效果。

 

以胰腺癌为例,质子重离子治疗作为新辅助治疗,与手术联用,可以显著提高胰腺癌患者的预后,为更多胰腺癌患者带来根治的希望。

 

2019年发布的一项针对胰腺癌质子治疗的回顾性分析中指出,来自麻省总医院的研究人员针对术前采用质子治疗的效果进行了评估,研究结果显示,在术前采用质子治疗联合化疗后,84%的患者术后切缘为阴性,有效提高了完全切除率

 

▲图源:参考来源[2]

 

世界重离子治疗数量第一的日本QST医院的数据证实,术前采用重离子治疗可以显著提高胰腺癌患者的5年生存率。具体的临床数据为:术前接受过重离子治疗后的胰腺癌患者,五年生存率为52%[1]。

 

 

质子重离子可以作为术后辅助疗法

 

对于部分肿瘤患者,可能可能会出现因肿瘤位置特殊手术无法完全切除肿瘤,或术后残留肉眼不可见的肿瘤细胞等情况。此时,为了预后肿瘤的复发,可以采用质子重离子治疗来降低肿瘤的复发率。

 

以头颈部肿瘤为例,由于头颈部肿瘤的位置特殊,手术完全切除可能会损伤患者的面部器官,严重损害患者的术后生活质量。质子重离子治疗联合手术,可以在保证头颈部肿瘤患者治愈率的同时,提高肿瘤患者的生活质量。

 

2021年6月发表在《International Journal of Particle Therapy》杂志中的一项研究,针对质子治疗头颈部恶性肿瘤的效果进行了长达12年的调查分析。

 

▲图源:参考来源[3]

 

研究结果显示,头颈部恶性肿瘤患者术后质子治疗的2年和5年生存率为89%和77%;2年和5年局部控制率为89%和82%;2年和5年无病生存率为77%和62%

 

 

质子重离子治疗可以作为根治疗法

 

对于无法采用手术治疗的癌症患者,质子重离子治疗也可以作为根治疗法来杀伤肿瘤,提高癌症患者的预后效果。多项研究已经证实,相比传统放疗,质子重离子治疗无法手术的癌症患者效果更加显著,且产生的副作用更少

 

以肺癌为例,2021年由日本筑波大学开展的一项研究结果显示,经质子治疗后,III 期非小细胞肺癌患者的3年生存率为 63.7%[4],相比传统放疗治疗后的23.8%-38%[5],生存率提高一倍左右。

 

重离子治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床试验显示,经重离子治疗后,局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的两年局部控制率为93.1%,总生存率为51.9%[6]。

 

▲重离子治疗肺癌,图源:qst.go.jp

 

 

 

 

质子重离子适用于哪些肿瘤?

作为一种局部治疗手段,目前质子重离子的适应范围多数还是未出现转移的实体瘤,包括脑肿瘤(颅底)、头颈部肿瘤(肉瘤)、纵隔肿瘤(早期食管癌)、肺癌(非小细胞)、肾盂癌/输尿管癌/膀胱癌、肝癌(单发/位于相邻区域)、胰腺癌、直肠癌盆腔复发、前列腺癌在内的肿瘤,均可进行质子重离子治疗。

 

值得一提的是,质子重离子治疗非常适合儿童肿瘤患者(尤其是脑瘤患儿,可以大幅减少放疗的放射性沉积,很好地控制儿童关键脑区的辐射剂量,有利于儿童后续的成长发育)以及无法手术的患者。

 

 

▲重离子治疗适应症,图源:日本QST医院官网

 

 

 

 

日本是全世界最早开展质子重离子治疗的国家,临床经验十分丰富。1983年,日本筑波大学开始采用质子束进行临床研究;1994年日本QST医院成功实施世界首例重离子肿瘤治疗;1998年,日本国立癌症研究中心东医院引进了世界第二台质子治疗装置并开始应用质子治疗技术。

 

根据PTCOG(国际粒子治疗协作委员会)发布的最新数据,截至2020年底,全球共有291,181例患者接受了质子重离子治疗,日本的质子重离子治疗数量在世界范围内名列前茅

 

▲重离子治疗适应症,图源:日本QST医院官网

 

 

 

参考来源:

[1]膵臓がんに対する重粒子線治療について|山田滋 - QST病院(旧放射線医学総合研究所病院)|重粒子線治療(がん治療)

https://www.nirs.qst.go.jp/hospital/professionals/doctor04.php

[2] Proton beam radiotherapy for pancreas cancer - Rutenberg - Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

https://jgo.amegroups.com/article/view/27773/html

[3] Gunn GB, Garden AS, Ye R, Ausat N, Dahlstrom KR, Morrison WH, Fuller CD, Phan J, Reddy JP, Shah SJ, Mayo LL, Chun SG, Chronowski GM, Moreno AC, Myers JN, Hanna EY, Esmaeli B, Gillison ML, Ferrarotto R, Hutcheson KA, Chambers MS, Ginsberg LE, El-Naggar AK, Rosenthal DI, Zhu XR, Frank SJ. Proton Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer: A 12-Year, Single-Institution Experience. Int J Part Ther. 2021 Jun 25;8(1):108-118. doi: 10.14338/IJPT-20-00065.1. PMID: 34285940; PMCID: PMC8270083

[4]Ohnishi K, Ishikawa H, Nakazawa K, Shiozawa T, Mori Y, Nakamura M, Okumura T, Sekine I, Hizawa N, Sakurai H. Long-term outcomes of high-dose (74 GyE) proton beam therapy with concurrent chemotherapy for stage III nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer. 2021 May;12(9):1320-1327. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.13896. Epub 2021 Mar 6. PMID: 33675285; PMCID: PMC8088926.

[5] PROTON THERAPY SHOWN TO INCREASE SURVIVAL AND REDUCE SIDE EFFECTS

https://www.okcproton.com/news/proton-therapy-shown-to-increase-survival-and-reduce-side-effects/

[6]Chun SG, Solberg TD, Grosshans DR, et al. The Potential of Heavy-Ion Therapy to Improve Outcomes for Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol. 2017;7:201. Published 2017 Sep 5. doi:10.3389/fonc.2017.00201

 

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    2022-08-01 涧西源长

    感谢分享

    0

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    2022-08-01 学医无涯

    学习一下

    0

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