盘点:近期牙周病与全身性疾病的相关性研究一览

2017-08-30 MedSci MedSci原创

【1】BMC Nephrol:牙周炎可增加肾病的死亡率牙周炎常见于慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)者中,但是目前仍不确定牙周病是否是CKD患者过早死亡的独立危险因素。目前各种降低CKD患者死亡率的干预措施并不尽人意,因此亟需制定新的指标。因此,本次荟萃分析旨在评估CKD患者牙周病与死亡率之间的关系。研究人员检索了PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Scopus以及近期相关会议的摘要

牙周病不仅会造成牙齿的松动、脱落,也与全身健康有着密切的关系。近年来,有关牙周病与全身疾病的关系一直都是研究的热点。在此,小编整理了近段时间关于牙周病与全身疾病相关性的研究一览。

【1】BMC Nephrol:牙周炎可增加肾病的死亡率

牙周炎常见于慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)者中,但是目前仍不确定牙周病是否是CKD患者过早死亡的独立危险因素。目前各种降低CKD患者死亡率的干预措施并不尽人意,因此亟需制定新的指标。因此,本次荟萃分析旨在评估CKD患者牙周病与死亡率之间的关系。

研究人员检索了PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Scopus以及近期相关会议的摘要。计算总体和亚组分析的相对危险度(RRs)及95%可信区间。使用卡方检验探讨统计学异质性,并使用I2统计量进行量化。

结果共纳入了八个队列研究,包括5477名CKD患者。汇总数据表明,牙周病与CKD患者的全因原因死亡有关(RR,1.254;95% CI 1.046 - 1.503;P = 0.005),异质性中等,I2 = 52.2%。然而,并未发现牙周病和心血管死亡率之间存在相关性(RR,1.30,95% CI,0.82 - 2.06;P=0.259)。此外,统计异质性明显(I2 = 72.5%,P = 0.012)。校正混杂因素后,亚组之间死亡率的关联相似,如CKD的不同阶段。特异性全因死亡、敏感性和累积分析都表明该研究结果是可靠的。至于心血管疾病的死亡率,与牙周病的关联并不显著。

该研究表明牙周病与CKD患者全因死亡的风险增加有关。然而,没有充分的证据表明牙周病也会增加心血管死亡的风险。(文章详见--BMC Nephrol:牙周炎可增加肾病的死亡率

【2】J Periodontol:哮喘患者牙周病的风险:一项基于大范围人群的回顾性队列研究

目前研究已经证实了哮喘和口腔疾病之间的关联,包括牙周病。这项回顾性研究的目的是调查哮喘患者牙周病的风险。

研究使用台湾全民健康保险索赔数据和无牙周病史患者数据,确定了2000年至2010年新诊断的19,206例哮喘患者。对于每个病例,从一般人群中随机抽取4例无哮喘和牙周病史的对照组患者,按性别,年龄,诊断年份进行频率匹配(分类匹配)(n = 76,824)。两组同步进行,以监测牙周病的发生,直至2011年年底。使用Cox比例风险回归分析估计牙周病的调整风险比(aHRs)。

结果显示,哮喘组牙周病总发生率比对照组高1.18倍(P <0.001)。每年至少三次紧急访问的患者,与平均不到一次的访问相比,患有牙周病的aHR达55.9%(95%置信区间[CI] = 50.6-61.7)。每年入院至少三次的患者,牙周病aHR(51.8)。此外,使用吸入性皮质类固醇(ICS)治疗的哮喘患者比非用户具有更高的aHR(aHR = 1.12; 95%CI = 1.03-1.23)。

在研究人群中,哮喘患者发生牙周病的风险较高。有紧急医疗需求或入院治疗以及ICS治疗者的风险要大得多。(文章详见--J Periodontol:哮喘患者牙周病的风险:一项基于大范围人群的回顾性队列研究

【3】J Periodontal Res:瑞舒伐他汀对高血压大鼠实验性牙周炎的保护作用

他汀类药物调节牙周病的潜在益处在体外和临床研究中得到支持,提出他汀类可以诱导促炎细胞因子和基质金属蛋白酶的低表达。本研究的目的是评估瑞舒伐他汀(ST)对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)结扎诱导的牙周炎的影响。

研究将54只成年雄性大鼠分为SHR-C,SHR-L和SHR-L-ST(C,对照组; L,结扎组)三组。在SHR-L-ST组中,每日给2 mg / kg ST。在L组中,在下颌第一磨牙周围保留结扎10天。每组在术后10或21 d处死。进行微观和组织学分析。,通过酒石酸耐性酸性磷酸酶评估破骨细胞的产生和通过聚合酶链反应评估84个促炎介质的基因表达。

结果显示,术后10天和21天,SHR-L-ST组的骨吸收和附着丧失均少于SHR-L组(p <0.05)。术后 10天和21天,STR均使得酒石酸耐药性酸性磷酸酶阳性细胞数量减少(p <0.05)。 SHR-L-ST组与SHR-L组相比,有14个基因表达差异,第10 d后基因表达下调。

研究表明,他汀类药物治疗可以通过炎症基因谱调控,促进对高血压大鼠实验性牙周炎的牙槽骨吸收和结缔组织附着丧失的保护作用。(文章详见--J Periodontal Res:瑞舒伐他汀对高血压大鼠实验性牙周炎的保护作用

【4】J Periodontal Res:类风湿性关节炎患者活性基质金属蛋白酶-8和牙周细菌水平与牙周状况的关系

临床横断面研究的目的是确定具有不同牙周条件的类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者龈沟液中活性基质金属蛋白酶-8(aMMP-8)和牙周病原菌的水平。

研究总共有103例RA患者和104例健康对照(HC)。以牙周探诊深度,探查出血和临床附着丧失评估牙周状态,将其分为健康/轻度,中度或重度。从最深的牙龈袋中取出龈沟液样本,使用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定aMMP-8水平,使用聚合酶链反应测定牙周病原菌水平。使用的统计分析包括Mann-Whitney U检验,卡方检验或Fisher精确检验,显着性水平设定为α= 5%。

结果显示,65%的RA患者和79%的HC患有中度至重度的牙周病(p = 0.02)。牙周病的患病率几乎相等(p> 0.05)。此外,根据牙周病的严重程度,仅检测细菌流行率的微小差异。随着牙周病的严重程度的增加,aMMP-8水平增加。因此,中度牙周病(RA:15.3±13.8; HC:9.1±9.1;p≤0.01)和重度牙周病(RA:21.7±13.3; HC:13.1±8.6; p = 0.07)的患者差异有统计学意义在后一组中具有更大的趋势。

研究表明,RA组中aMMP-8水平升高表明,对于水平相当的细菌水平和牙周病严重程度,RA的存在似乎对宿主反应有影响。(文章详见--J Periodontal Res:类风湿性关节炎患者活性基质金属蛋白酶-8和牙周细菌水平与牙周状况的关系

【5】Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo:HIV感染者携带念珠菌或与其牙周病相关

大部分艾滋病毒感染者会出现念珠菌相关的临床口腔病变。研究表明,无症状念珠菌口腔定植可能导致口腔病变或成为播散性感染的来源。本研究旨在验证牙周状况对艾滋病感染及非感染者口腔念珠菌感染的影响。

研究共纳入25名未感染HIV的患者和48名HIV感染者,按牙周状况分类为牙周健康和牙周病患者。根据口腔冲洗液鉴定念珠菌感染与否。对HIV感染者血液中的病毒载量和CD4+T淋巴细胞进行计数。

结果显示,与HIV状态或牙周状况相关的念珠菌感染率并无明显差异。然而,与牙周健康HIV感染者相比,牙周病HIV感染者的念珠菌存在率明显升高(P = 0.04),而牙周健康的HIV感染者与健康或牙周病的非HIV感染者相似。HIV感染者念珠菌携带与CD4+T细胞计数相关。

该研究表明,牙周病与HIV感染者念珠菌携带有关,且可能是念珠菌临床表现的诱发因素。(文章详见--Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo:HIV感染者携带念珠菌或与其牙周病相关

【6】Intern Med:牙周治疗能降低心血管疾病的发生率

牙周病患者更容易患心血管疾病(CVD)。糖尿病,尤其是严重牙周炎患者,会增加CVD的死亡风险。然而,牙周治疗的结果会因不同的治疗方式而异。本研究旨在探究牙周治疗是否会影响2型糖尿病和牙周炎患者的CVD发生。

该研究采用回顾性队列研究设计,数据来自台湾国民健康保险公布的数据集(NHI)。该数据集由随机抽样的新诊断的糖尿病患者组成,他们从1999年到2001年获得保险津贴;年龄小于18岁或1999年以前已经患有CVD的患者排除。使用NHI代码来确定患者接受的治疗,包括龈下刮治术和翻瓣手术。使用1:4倾向得分匹配患者的人口统计学变量。对所有受试者进行随访,直至CVD的发生或2011年12月31日。采用Cox比例风险回归分析评价牙周治疗对心肌梗死、心力衰竭和脑卒中发生率的影响。

结果显示,将3039名及12156名糖尿病患者分为晚期牙周治疗组和非晚期牙周治疗组。Cox回归分析显示,虽然CVD的总体发病率没有明显的提高(风险比HR 0.95;95% CI 0.90-1.01),但是晚期牙周治疗后心肌梗死(HR 0.92;95% CI 0.85-0.99)和心力衰竭(HR 0.60;95% CI 0.45-0.80)的发生率降低。在脑卒中的发生率上并没有统计学差异(HR 0.95;95% CI 0.85-1.06)。

该研究发现,晚期牙周治疗能降低心血管疾病的发生率,特别是心肌梗死和心力衰竭。牙科管理对2型糖尿病患者的健康有益。(文章详见--Intern Med:牙周治疗能降低心血管疾病的发生率

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    2017-09-01 linagood
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    2017-08-31 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢.

    0

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    2017-08-30 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    牙周病影响牙齿健康.

    0

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    2017-08-30 清风拂面

    谢谢分享.学习受益匪浅

    0

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