JCO:ASCO癌症幸存者护理指南系列之神经病变、疲劳抑郁篇

2014-04-22 shumufeng dxy

日前,美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)发布了三项关于神经病变、疲劳、抑郁和焦虑的预防和管理发的循证临床实践指南,这些症状影响到许多癌症幸存者。这些指南是计划中的癌症幸存者护理指南系列的前三篇。这些指南强调癌症幸存者需要得到身体和心理上的双重照护。 随着美国有癌症病史的幸存者人数的剧增(这一人数已从1971年的300万人增加到今天的1370万人),上述指南应运而生。尽管取得了重要进展,但癌症幸

日前,美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)发布了三项关于神经病变、疲劳、抑郁和焦虑的预防和管理发的循证临床实践指南,这些症状影响到许多癌症幸存者。这些指南是计划中的癌症幸存者护理指南系列的前三篇。这些指南强调癌症幸存者需要得到身体和心理上的双重照护


随着美国有癌症病史的幸存者人数的剧增(这一人数已从1971年的300万人增加到今天的1370万人),上述指南应运而生。尽管取得了重要进展,但癌症幸存者仍然面临着来自疾病本身及其治疗的一系列长期挑战。

癌症幸存者面临的其它健康问题、过早死亡及治疗引起的副作用的风险在增加。从积极治疗到治疗后护理的转化对取得最佳长期健康结果有重要意义。如果护理缺乏计划性或者协调性,那么癌症幸存者就将置于对自己高风险和随访计划毫不知情的境地。

除指南以外,Cancer.Net,ASCO患者信息网站等也根据ASCO最新推荐更新了幸存者信息。

ASCO新指南,成人癌症幸存者化疗引起的周围神经病变的预防和管理:美国临床肿瘤学会临床实践指南,为基于化疗的周围神经病变(CIPN,一种由某些特定化疗方案,特别是那些含铂类药物、长春花碱类、硼佐替米和/或紫杉烷类引起的致衰弱的副作用)的预防和管理提供循证推荐。

据估计约有30%到40%的癌症患者经化疗后将出现CIPN症。症状包括从麻木刺痛到双臂和腿的闪痛等一系列不适。症状严重时可能需要降低治疗剂量或者转化为另一种治疗方案。对于少数患者来说,严重症状可能会持续数年。

该篇ASCO指南发表于近期的JCO杂志在线版上,甄别出或可有助于减轻CIPN症状的少量药物,但是不推荐任何药物用于CIPN的预防。

ASCO癌症幸存者指南咨询小组共同主席Gary Lyman教授认为,对于神经性病变没有明确的特效药,某些用于神经性病变预防或治疗的药物可能会引起副作用或者对其他药物形成干扰。我们想要阐明的是,如果没有证据显示可从这些药物中获益,那么最好就不要使用它们。

关键性的指南建议如下:

预防

由于缺少高质量、一致性的证据,不推荐确定的药物用于接受神经毒性药物治疗的患者的CIPN预防。

尤其是以下药物不应用于CIPN的预防:乙酰-L-肉碱、氨磷汀、阿米替林、CaMg、 dietyldithio-氨基甲酸酯、谷胱甘肽、尼莫地平、Org2766、全反式维甲酸、rhuLIF及维生素E。

治疗

临床医生或可为CIPN患者提供度洛西汀。

虽然没有强有力的证据显示使用三环类抗抑郁药、加巴喷丁以及含巴氯芬、阿米替林和氯胺酮的外用凝胶可获得益处,但对某些患者尝试性使用上述药物或许是合理的。

临床医生无法预测哪些患者会发展为CIPN,症状的严重程度如何,以及症状会持续多长时间。如果CIPN被早期发现,可以通过选择不产生神经病变副作用的治疗方案来减少症状和永久性神经损伤的风险。敦促临床医生与他们的患者在治疗开始前谈论CIPN,并在治疗过程中监测CIPN症状。
为了制定该项临床实践指南,以 Dawn L. Hershman为共同主席的ASCO专家小组对相关医学文献进行了正式的系统性综述,该综述选择了CIPN管理有关的48项随机临床试验。

ASCO新指南,成人癌症幸存者疲劳感的筛查、评估和管理:美国临床肿瘤学会临床实践指南修订,为易疲劳成人癌症幸存者的筛查、评估和治疗路径提供建议。该指南建议所有幸存者完成初步治疗后对疲劳症状进行评估,并提供疲劳管理策略。

ASCO幸存者指南咨询小组共同主席Smita Bhatia教授称,疲劳感是癌症患者中一个非常常见的症状,我们希望这一指南有助于确保每一个癌症幸存者的护理过程中实现疲劳的筛查和合理的管理。”
大多数患者在癌症治疗期间会出现某种程度的疲劳感,并且大约三分之一的患者在完成治疗后会出现多年的持续性疲劳。对于任何特定的患者,疲劳可能是由多种不同的因素促成的,如癌症,癌症治疗方案,和/或者其它药物,血球计数,以及其他慢性疾病。对上述因素进行综合考虑是重要的。

关键性指南建议如下:

从诊断开始,所有的患者都应接受疲劳感筛查。

医疗保健机构应评估疲劳史、疾病状态和治疗影响因素。

所有的患者都应该了解一般性疲劳和癌症相关性疲劳的差异,疲劳的原因,和诱发因素等,应为患者提供管理疲劳的方法,如身体活动,社会心理干预(例如认知和行为治疗,心理教育治疗等),以及身心干预(例如瑜伽,针灸等)。

为了制定本实践指南(发表于JCO杂志),以 Julienne E. Bower博士为共同主席的ASCO专家小组对临床实践指南数据库和相关的医学文献进行了正式的系统性综述。本次修订是根据一份加拿大疲劳指南和两份国立综合癌症网络关于癌症相关疲劳和幸存的指南进行的。

ASCO新指南,成人癌症焦虑和抑郁症状的筛查、评估和护理:美国临床肿瘤学会临床实践指南修订,强调医疗保健机构在缓解癌症负面情绪和行为负效应中发挥至关重要的作用。Bhatia认为,在癌症患者中不良应激是很常见的,但是不良应激的类型和起因多种多样。除非是经特意查询或评估,否则抑郁不易发现。

发表于近日JCO杂志上的该篇ASCO指南建议,已经接受癌症治疗的癌症患者应该接受抑郁和焦虑症状的评估。应该为所有患者提供支持性护理服务;对于那些表现出中度或者重度焦虑和抑郁症状的患者,应该转诊为合理干预。

其它的关键指南建议:

医疗保健服务者应当定期评估所有癌症幸存者的抑郁和焦虑症状。

应用已验证的、已发表的测量方法和程序进行评估。

应为所有癌症幸存者提供支持性护理服务(例如癌症状况下的压力疏导,忧郁的信号和症状,缓解压力的策略,疲劳管理等)。

应为所有中度或重度抑郁或焦虑的癌症幸存者提供心理学,社会心理学和精神方面的干预。
Lyman教授认为,医生有时对这些症状不予以过多关注,他们认为患者有点焦虑或抑郁是正常的,但是留意这些症状很重要,它们会介入干扰患者的生活质量。

为了修订该项实践指南,以 Barbara L. Andersen博士为共同主席的ASCO专家小组对临床实践指南数据库和相关的医学文献进行了正式的系统性综述。该项修订是根据加拿大癌症成人心理困扰(抑郁,焦虑)指南进行的。

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    2015-07-02 1dd89c46m42(暂无匿称)

    幸存者有生存时间的要求吗?

    0

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    2014-06-08 quxin068
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    2014-12-15 lidong40
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    2014-04-24 tamgche
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    2014-04-24 axin012
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