Lancet Respir Med:早期发育和营养不良是成年期肺活量限制的危险因素

2021-12-02 小文子 MedSci原创

改善产前和儿童期生长轨迹的策略有助于预防肺活量限制及其相关的发病率和死亡率。

肺活量限制,定义为用力肺活量(FVC)降低,FEV1/FVC保持不变,与成年期呼吸和非呼吸系统合并症以及全因死亡率增加相关。对这种疾病的早期起源知之甚少。Lancet Respir Med杂志的一项研究探索了成人肺活量限制的早期危险因素。

研究招募TCRS研究中1980年4月至1984年10月在美国亚利桑那州出生的1246名健康婴儿。儿童出生后立即由主要照顾者完成调查问卷,儿童期和成年期完成多次随访问卷。在22、26、32和36岁时,用肺活量测定法测量肺功能。每次调查中,定义三种肺活量测定模式:(1)正常(FEV1/FVC)≥第10百分位和FVC≥第10百分位);(2)限制性(FEV1/FVC)≥第10百分位和FVC<第10百分位);(3)阻塞性(FEV1/FVC<10%,与FVC无关)。从问卷中收集人口学特征和父母健康因素的数据;从病例中收集妊娠和围产期数据(包括营养问题)和出生测量值;研究护士测量儿童期(6-16岁)体重、身高和体重指数(BMI)。多元逻辑回归分析评估早期生活危险因素与肺活量测定模式之间的相关性,校正年份、性别和种族。

研究纳入652例至少有一次肺活量测定数据的参与者,进行1668次观察。TCRS队列中,多变量模型结果显示,母体妊娠期间的营养问题(相对风险比RRR 2.48[95%CI, 1.30-4.76]; p=0.0062)、出生时小于胎龄儿(出生体重<第10百分位;3.26[1.34-7.93];p=0.0093)和儿童期体重过轻(BMI年龄比<第5个百分位;3.54[1.35–9.26];p=0.010)是成年期肺活量限制的独立预测因素。三个队列数据的荟萃分析结果表明,小于胎龄儿(p=0.0028)、儿童期体重过轻(p<0.0001)与成人肺活量限制有关。MAAS队列中,11岁时体重指数较低(<第10百分位)可预测成人(18岁)肺活量限制(RRR 3.66[1.48–9.02];p=0.0048)。肺活量限制与小于胎龄儿、儿童期体重过轻和儿童期低体重指数的相关性得到验证,参与者总肺容量降低表明这些因素增加了肺限制的风险。

子宫内和整个儿童期的发育不良和营养不足,预示成年后肺活量限制的发展。改善产前和儿童期生长轨迹的策略有助于预防肺活量限制及其相关的发病率和死亡率。

原文出处:

Nipasiri Voraphani, Debra A Stern, et al, The role of growth and nutrition in the early origins of spirometric restriction in adult life: a longitudinal, multicohort, population-based study, Lancet Respir Med 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00355-6.

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    2022-04-22 howi
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    2021-12-04 zhaojie88

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