病例分享:寒冷竟也可以诱发荨麻疹?

2021-12-10 Shirley MedSci原创

寒冷诱发荨麻疹是因为:冷球蛋白是在低于37℃的温度下沉淀的免疫球蛋白,会导致血管闭塞,有时会导致免疫复合物血管炎和组织损伤。

 

寒冷诱发的荨麻疹(ColdU) 是一种常见的慢性诱发性荨麻疹。它的特点是皮肤暴露于冷空气、液体或物体时会出现风团,有时还会出现血管性水肿。患者通常患有 ColdU 多年后才被确诊。与其他形式的慢性荨麻疹类似,ColdU 对生活质量有显着影响。

在这里,我们描述了一例与冷球蛋白血症相关的重度难治性寒冷诱发的荨麻疹用利妥昔单抗成功治疗。

案例介绍:

一位 60 岁的女性因为 ColdU被转诊到我们的荨麻疹参考和卓越中心2,她从 30 岁起就患上了这种病。当环境温度低于约 18℃且持续时间超过 3 -4分钟时,会出现局部瘙痒性风团分钟,暴露在冷风中或接触冷物体时。低温激发试验 (TempTest) 在小于等于18℃呈阳性(图1)。在皮肤科生活质量指数为16,表明此病对她的生活质量有很大的影响。

基线 (T 0 ) 的TempTest结果显示在 4 °C ( A ) 和 16-18 °C ( B )之间出现明显的风团和耀斑反应。利妥昔单抗治疗三个月后,TempTest 呈阴性 ( C )

病人无无慢性荨麻疹和自身炎症性疾病病史。曾经使用3种不同的H1-抗组胺药。以高达 600 毫克的奥马珠单抗,每 4 周皮下给药;高达 5 毫克/千克的环孢素治疗均不成功。

由于她的 ColdU 的严重性和难治性,进一步的检查发现:这与I型冷球蛋白(单克隆 IgG),与单克隆 B细胞淋巴细胞增多症有关。全外显子组测序未发现与自身炎症相关的突变。

我们假设,在该患者中,检测到的冷球蛋白对她的 ColdU 具有病理生理学重要性,并开始使用利妥昔单抗进行治疗。

利妥昔单抗是一种针对CD20治疗性的单克隆抗体,可通过消耗记忆 B 淋巴细胞减少自身抗体的产生。患者接受了2次静脉注射1000 mg 利妥昔单抗,间隔2周。三个月后,患者报告她的症状有显着改善。她现在可以在8℃的温度下在室外行走3小时,并且能够接触寒冷的物体而不会出现 ColdU的迹象或症状。此外,冷激发试验现在呈阴性(图 1),淋巴细胞计数恢复正常,冷球蛋白水平下降至 0.05 g/L(表 I)。在撰写本文时,利妥昔单抗治疗后7个月仍保持完全反应,冷球蛋白水平进一步降低至 0.02 g/L。

利妥昔单抗治疗前后的实验室结果

冷球蛋白是在低于37℃的温度下沉淀的免疫球蛋白,会导致血管闭塞,有时会导致免疫复合物血管炎和组织损伤。ColdU是冷球蛋白血症的一种非常罕见的表现,其病理生理学尚未阐明。在这种特殊情况下,冷球蛋白可能与肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞上的表位相匹配,从而导致 IgG 介导的脱粒。不幸的是,我们没有进行嗜碱性粒细胞或肥大细胞活化试验,主要是因为在体外使用冷球蛋白存在技术困难.。利妥昔单抗清除 B 细胞的惊人效果证实了该患者存在自身反应性免疫球蛋白的假设,并且与 ColdU 的明确关联表明冷球蛋白具有病理生理作用。

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    2021-12-13 ms2000000506051003

    学习学习

    0

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    2021-12-13 屋顶瞄爱赏月

    水、热、风都可以诱发荨麻疹,没学皮肤病,还不知道有这样的病因

    0

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    2021-12-12 zhaojie88
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    2021-12-12 huagfeg
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    2021-12-11 15025efc3fm

    学习了

    0

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    2021-12-10 736911109

    遇到过热引起皮肤风团样皮疹的

    0

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