NEJM:单剂量脂质体两性霉素B治疗隐球菌性脑膜炎

2022-03-26 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

单剂量脂质体两性霉素B联合氟胞嘧啶和氟康唑不劣于WHO推荐的HIV相关隐球菌性脑膜炎治疗方法,并且与较少的不良事件相关。

隐球菌性脑膜炎是撒哈拉以南非洲地区人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)相关死亡的主要原因。但单次高剂量两性霉素B脂质体的治疗方案是否有效尚未明确。

近日,顶级医学期刊NEJM上发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员在五个非洲国家进行的3期随机、对照、非劣效性试验中,以1:1的比例分配HIV阳性的隐球菌性脑膜炎患者接受单次高剂量两性霉素B脂质体(10mg/kg体重)在第1天加上氟胞嘧啶(每天100mg/kg)和氟康唑(每天1200mg)或当前世界卫生组织推荐的治疗方法,其中包括两性霉素B脱氧胆酸盐(每天1mg/kg)加氟胞嘧啶(每天100mg)持续7天,然后是氟康唑(每天1200mg),持续7天(对照)。该研究的主要终点是10周时全因死亡;该试验以10个百分点的幅度显示非劣效性。

该研究共有844名参与者接受了随机分组;814人被纳入意向治疗人群。在10周时,脂质体两性霉素B组有101名参与者(24.8%;95%置信区间[CI]为20.7至29.3)和对照组报告了117名参与者(28.7%;95%CI为24.4至33.4)的死亡(差异为-3.9个百分点);单侧95%置信区间的上限为1.2个百分点(在非劣效界范围内;非劣效性P<0.001)。

脂质体两性霉素B组的脑脊液中真菌清除率为-0.40 log10菌落形成单位(CFU)/ml/d,对照组为-0.42 log10CFU/ml/d。两性霉素B脂质体组发生3级或4级不良事件的参与者少于对照组(50.0% vs. 62.3%)。

由此可见,单剂量脂质体两性霉素B联合氟胞嘧啶和氟康唑不劣于WHO推荐的HIV相关隐球菌性脑膜炎治疗方法,并且与较少的不良事件相关。

原始出处:
 
Joseph N. Jarvis.et al.Single-Dose Liposomal Amphotericin B Treatment for Cryptococcal Meningitis.NEJM.2022.https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2111904

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    2022-03-26 xugc
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