全球首例猪心移植患者去世,患者存活2个月,但是异种移植已开辟一个新时代!

2022-03-10 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

本周二,全球首例猪心移植患者死亡。这颗猪心将他的生命延长了2个月时间。尽管在我们看来时间并不是很长,但它已是异种移植领域一个巨大的成功。

本周二,全球首例猪心移植患者死亡。这颗猪心将他的生命延长了2个月时间。尽管在我们看来时间并不是很长,但它已是异种移植领域一个巨大的成功,甚至可以说是开创了一个新时代!

本年初,即2022年1月20日,美国阿拉巴马大学的外科医生也成功地将一个转基因猪的肾脏移植到一名脑死亡的57岁男子(名为大卫·贝内特)体内。术后,这名患者表现良好,甚至前段时间还在医院看了一场超级碗比赛,给人感觉异种移植竟然如此成功!见:异种移植领域再传捷报,全球首例猪肾脏成功移植给人体,这也成为2022年开年的大新闻,甚至有人这样称呼:“猪心变人心”,“人猪合体”。

随着异种移植开始迈过技术的门槛,未来它可能成为不少器官移植者的全新的选择,对于人类器官紧缺难题,是重要的缓解措施。梅斯也总结了最近10年来的进展:猪器官移植到人体,真实或虚幻?10年心路历程!

不过,最近几天贝内特病情开始恶化,虽然经过积极治疗,甚至他还能与家人沟通,但最终还是去世了。根据医生介绍,其死因不明,他们没有发现是否是因为移植了猪心后带来的延迟性免疫排斥(慢排斥)问题而导致其死亡。其所在的医院表示,将进行彻底的调查,并表示未来他们将发现的结果发表在科学同行评审期刊上。

"我们获得了宝贵的见解,了解到转基因猪心脏可以在人体内很好地发挥作用,同时免疫系统得到充分抑制”。一名医生表示。

患者的儿子Bennett说:“我们感谢每一个创新时刻,每一个疯狂的梦想,以及每一个不眠之夜,感谢每一份努力”,“我们希望这个故事可以成为希望的开始,而不是结束(We hope this story can be the beginning of hope and not the end)”

图片

移植在贝内特体内的猪心

尽管猪心只为贝贝特赢得了两个月的生命时间,但是这足以在异种移植领域开辟一个新时代。

梅斯医学认为,人类的移植从需要严格基因配型,到亲属器官移植,到非亲属器官移植,再到尸体器官移植,再到非血型匹配器官移植,再到今天的异种器官移植,每一步都是巨大的进步,尤其是异种移植,更是划时代的一步!

四川省人民医院器官移植研究所副所长潘登科认为“人类首例同种心脏移植仅存活18天,但彻底改变了当时器官移植的老格局。今天,人类首例基因工程猪异种心脏移植存活了两个月整,无疑也可以改变这一领域的新格局。”

这两年,随着基因编辑技术的发展,使得跨物种的器官移植成为可能甚至可行。去年10月,纽约大学朗格尼医学中心的研究者经过基因编辑的猪肾脏,经过大腿血管,移植给了一位脑死亡志愿者,该肾脏在志愿者体外工作了54个小时,这也是异种器官移植领域里程碑式的工作。见:世界首例猪肾移植到人体,暂未发现排斥反应!异种移植成真了?不过相比心脏移植,肾移植更为成熟和简单,即使是同种移植,心脏移植也是非常困难的手术。

对于贝内特的去世,器官共享联合网络首席医学官David Klassen博士表示,这项手术代表了许多科学家多年的基础研究,包括马里兰州医学院的科学家,此次试验性探索使得这种努力"更有目的性",它不仅仅是一次移植器官并希望它起作用,而是希望在异种移植领域开疆破土,让异种器官造福更多的患者。

"尽管他去世了,但这次移植仍是为需要心脏移植患者提供异种移植的重要一步",David Klassen表示,"贝内特的去世也提醒了我们这些方法的复杂性,以及在开发和广泛应用这些疗法之前仍存在许多挑战。我相信我们从这次移植中会学到很多东西,即使它只是一次移植。”

当然,围绕着异种移植的伦理以及临床审批问题也会逐渐凸显,它不仅会引发公众的热议,同时也需要监管政策时时更新,唯有这样该技术才能让患者受益。

相关报道:

世界首例猪肾移植到人体,暂未发现排斥反应!异种移植成真了?

STM:打开器官移植新大门,王爱周等创造通用血型可移植器官,将申请临床试验

美国FDA批准转基因猪,推进医疗用途的异种移植

NAT MED:“人猪合体”帮助恢复肺损伤?!

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