Journal of the American Heart Association:研究表明,洗碗等日常活动能降低女性心血管疾病风险,那男性呢?

2022-02-23 王聪 “生物世界”公众号

对于心血管疾病高风险的老年人而言,跑步或快走并不是降低心血管疾病风险的唯一方法。简单的日常生活运动,包括做家务、园艺、烹饪等等,都可以显著有益于心血管健康。

在全世界范围内,心血管疾病是发病率和死亡率排名第一的疾病。仅仅在我国就有约3亿人患有心血管疾病,导致每年近400万人死亡

对于心血管疾病高风险的老年人而言,跑步或快走并不是降低心血管疾病风险的唯一方法。简单的日常生活运动,包括做家务、园艺、烹饪等等,都可以显着有益于心血管健康。

2022年2月22日,加州大学圣地亚哥分校Herbert Wertheim公共卫生与人类长寿科学学院的研究人员在 Journal of the American Heart Association 期刊发表了一项题为:Accelerometer‐Derived Daily Life Movement Classified by Machine Learning and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in Older Women: The OPACH Study 的研究论文。

该研究分析了日常生活运动对心血管疾病风险的影响,结果表明,与每天生活运动少于两小时的女性相比,每天生活运动至少四小时的女性患心血管疾病的风险降低43%,患冠心病的风险降低43%,中风的风险降低30%,尤其是心血管疾病死亡风险降低62%。

这项研究表明,所有运动都有助于预防疾病,日常生活运动,包括洗碗、烹饪等家务活,都可以降低患心血管疾病的风险和死亡风险

研究团队使用机器学习算法将人们在清醒时消耗的时间分为五种行为:坐着、坐在车里、静止不动、日常生活运动、走路或跑步。日常生活运动包括在房间或庭院内站立和行走时发生的活动,例如穿衣服、烹饪、洗碗、做园艺等。

研究团队测量了5416名年龄在63至97岁之间,且在研究开始时没有心脏病的美国女性的身体活动。

参与者佩戴科研级加速度计长达7天时间,以准确测量他们在各类行为中花费了多少时间。重要的是,日常生活运动类型,通常不包括之前研究比较多的轻度、中度到重度体力活动。之前的研究通常侧重于跑步和快走等活动的强度和持续时间。而这项研究则测量了较小的运动,如烹饪等家务活。

结果表明,与每天生活运动少于两小时的女性相比,每天生活运动至少四小时的女性患心血管疾病的风险降低43%,患冠心病的风险降低43%,中风的风险降低30%,尤其是心血管疾病死亡风险降低62%。

对于大多数老年人而言,进行的大部分运动都是日常生活运动,而这通常不被视为身体运动,这项研究显示,至少对于老年女性来说,简单的日常生活运动一样可以显着减少心血管疾病的发病和死亡风险。

那么对于男性呢?做家务等日常生活运动对男性是否也同样有益?

早在2013年,香港中文大学的研究人员在 PLOS One 发表了题为:Housework Reduces All-Cause and Cancer Mortality in Chinese Men 的研究论文。该研究表明,家务劳动可降低中国男性的全因死亡率和癌症死亡率。

研究团队对2867名72岁以上老年人进行了长达11年的随访,他们在研究开始时都没有心血管疾病、癌症,或糖尿病。男性进行繁重家务劳动的与全因死亡率下降28%有关,与癌症死亡率下降48%有关。但女性进行繁重家务劳动的则与全因死亡率和癌症死亡风险不相关。

而在,2021年4月,加拿大贝克雷斯特医院的研究人员在 BMC Geriatrics 期刊发表的一项题为:Household physical activity is positively associated with gray matter volume in older adults 的研究论文【3】。

该研究显示,花费更多时间做家务的老年人的大脑体积更大,预示着更强的认知健康,这提示了多做家务活可能有益于老年人的大脑健康。

这项研究首次表明,干家务活也对大脑有着积极影响。理解不同形式的体育活动如何促进大脑健康的,对于制定防止老年人认知下降和痴呆的策略至关重要。

在这项研究中,参与者被问到他们花在做家务上的时间,例如整理、打扫灰尘、准备饭菜、打扫卫生、购物、繁重的家务、院子劳动、家庭维修和护理等。

进一步统计分析发现,花费更多时间从事上述家务活动的老年人的大脑体积更大,无论他们进行了多少运动锻炼。这是在海马和额叶中观察到的,海马在记忆和学习中起主要作用,而额叶则涉及认知的许多方面。

对于家务劳动对大脑的积极影响,研究人员认为可能有以下几点原因

首先,心脏健康与大脑健康息息相关,做家务与低强度有氧运动类似,可能对心脏和血管有积极影响。

其次,参与家务劳动的计划和组织可能会促进大脑中新的神经联系的形成,弥补衰老的负面影响。

第三,久坐不动被证明对健康不利,包括对大脑健康不利,干更多家务活意味着久坐时间减少。

总的来说,运动有益健康,日常生活运动,如洗碗、做饭、打扫卫生等等,都有助于健康,这些研究发现也有助于促进老年人更加积极主动的做家务,因为家务活是日常生活中必须而且经常要做的,也更容易实现

原始出处:

Steve Nguyen, et al. Accelerometer‐Derived Daily Life Movement Classified by Machine Learning and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in Older Women: The OPACH Study. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2022;0:e023433.

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    2022-02-25 zhaojie88
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    2022-02-25 slcumt

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