Neurology:肠道微生物组宏基因组学分析提示,多发性硬化患者可能存在肠道微生物紊乱!

2022-01-14 Naomi MedSci原创

近日,研究人员利用儿童发病的MS患者和正常对照者的粪便样本进行宏基因组分析。研究发现,肠道微生物群的功能潜能和分类学在两组之间有所不同,包括古菌产甲烷途径的高发病率和乳酸发酵途径缺失。

      虽然神经炎和多发性硬化症(MS)等神经退行性疾病的病因尚不清楚,但环境和生活方式因素被认为在多发性硬化症的易感性中比遗传因素起着更重要的作用,因此有必要确定这些因素。肠道微生物群在宿主免疫系统的发育和反应中起着关键作用,并能影响中枢神经系统的功能,以及介导或调节其他环境暴露对健康的影响,例如饮食相关的体重变化或药物的临床效应。

      儿童发病型多发性硬化,虽然相对罕见(影响≤5% 的MS 患者),代表了一个独特的机会检查暴露,如肠道微生物组,非常接近MS的实际生物发病时间。因此,对MS患儿肠道微生物群的评估,可能有助于寻找MS的早期诱因。由于环境风险因素和与MS相关的宿主基因变异被认为是相似的,因此从儿童发病型MS患者群体中获得的信息可能延伸到成年型MS患者群体。此外,对成年起病的MS流行病学研究表明,风险在很大程度上是在成年之前发生的机会窗期内确定的。研究儿童发病型 MS 可以探索那些一生接触微生物较少的人群的微生物组,如不同的药物或不同的饮食,所有这些都可能影响肠道微生物组。

      目前,MS 微生物组的功能潜力尚不清楚,部分原因是缺乏利用宏基因组序列的研究。与宏基因组学的使用,有可能调查肠道微生物组中的所有基因,并推断微生物功能的丰富性。一个特定基因的相对丰度越高,也意味着肠道微生物组产生相关产物的潜力越大。虽然其他组学,如代谢组学和蛋白质组学提供了功能性产品的调查,但它们本身并不能提供关于功能性产品的信息,因为基因产品并不总是表达或检测。

      对于小儿多发性硬化症的肠道微生物组的功能潜能知之甚少,近日,研究人员利用儿童发病的MS患者和正常对照者的粪便样本进行宏基因组分析。

      从加拿大23个地点之一登记的≤21岁人员,以及从加拿大儿科脱髓鞘病网络(cpdds)参与的美国(费城儿童医院)的1个人员,他们在2015年至2019年期间提供了粪便样本,并且在过去30天内没有服用抗生素或皮质类固醇,可能符合资格。根据粪便样本的宏基因组读数估计微生物分类学和功能潜能,并通过疾病状况(MS 与对照组)和疾病修饰药物(DMD)暴露情况进行比较,分别采用 α 多样性、相对丰度和流行率(wilcoxon rank-sum,aldex2)和 fisher 精确测试。

  • MS 患者发病时平均年龄为13.6岁,其中8人未经DMD治疗;
  • 提供MS组和对照组粪便样本参与者的平均年龄分别为16.1岁和15.4岁,其中80% 为女孩;
  • 酶和蛋白质的 α 多样性不因疾病或 DMD 状态而有差异(p > 0.20) ,但代谢途径、基因注释和微生物分类学有差异;
  • MS 组(对照组)甲烷生成率较高(优势比 = 10,p = 0.044) ,甲烷生物细菌丰度较高(log2倍变化[ lfc ] = 1.7,p = 0.0014) ,但同型乳酸发酵丰度较低(lfc =-0.48,p = 0.039);
  • 相较于DMD经治患者,未经DMD治疗患者的磷酸丁基转移酶更低(lfc =-1.0,p = 0.033);

      肠道微生物群的功能潜能和分类学在小儿发病 MS 和对照组之间有所不同,包括古菌产甲烷途径的高发病率和乳酸发酵途径的缺失。DMD 暴露与丁酸产生酶的富集有关。这些发现表明多发性硬化患者的肠道微生物组可能存在功能紊乱。

文献来源:Mirza AI, Zhu F, Knox N, et al. Metagenomic Analysis of the Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis Gut Microbiome [published online ahead of print, 2021 Dec 22]. Neurology. 2021;10.1212/WNL.0000000000013245. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000013245

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1890343, encodeId=3e9e1890343a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=760c430895a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#多发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43089, encryptionId=760c430895a, topicName=多发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04d6114, createdName=jml2009, createdTime=Sat May 14 02:57:08 CST 2022, time=2022-05-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1825354, encodeId=cc2a182535437, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50658, encryptionId=702a5065860, topicName=微生物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, 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createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210303/66c17b62a9f144ea8281a5b0894d47e4/c6a5dc1e748547fbb2995fbdb3ecbb88.jpg, createdBy=5dee5415333, createdName=卜小布, createdTime=Fri Jan 21 09:30:12 CST 2022, time=2022-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1372942, encodeId=3b6213e2942b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e7ba458950b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#宏基因组#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45895, encryptionId=e7ba458950b, topicName=宏基因组)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8409354, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Sun Jan 16 13:57:08 CST 2022, time=2022-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1382479, encodeId=437f13824e998, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=49d350e1625' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物组#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50716, encryptionId=49d350e1625, topicName=微生物组)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c9df476, createdName=fyxzlh, createdTime=Sun Jan 16 13:57:08 CST 2022, time=2022-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1461642, encodeId=774e1461642d6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ccf816e335' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肠道微生物组#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81673, encryptionId=7ccf816e335, topicName=肠道微生物组)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c6316431503, createdName=snf701209, createdTime=Sun Jan 16 13:57:08 CST 2022, time=2022-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1469735, encodeId=39501469e351d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=09224182601' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因组学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41826, encryptionId=09224182601, topicName=基因组学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0257060332, createdName=gwc385, createdTime=Sun Jan 16 13:57:08 CST 2022, time=2022-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-06-20 yinhl1978
  5. 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href='/topic/show?id=09224182601' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因组学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41826, encryptionId=09224182601, topicName=基因组学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0257060332, createdName=gwc385, createdTime=Sun Jan 16 13:57:08 CST 2022, time=2022-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-01-28 萌宝嘟嘟

    谢谢分享,好东西!

    0

  6. 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href='/topic/show?id=09224182601' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因组学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41826, encryptionId=09224182601, topicName=基因组学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0257060332, createdName=gwc385, createdTime=Sun Jan 16 13:57:08 CST 2022, time=2022-01-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-01-21 卜小布

    学习了!

    0

  7. 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  8. 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