eLife:改造蚊子基因是否阻止传播疟疾

2021-07-18 Viho MedSci原创

改变蚊子的肠道基因,使其将抗疟基因传播到下一代蚊子身上,显示出一种遏制疟疾的前景。

越来越多的蚊子对杀虫剂的抗药性,以及疟疾寄生虫对抗疟药物的抗药性,使人们迫切需要新的方法来对抗这种疾病。蚊虫媒介抗药性和寄生虫抗药性的上升突出表明,如果要使消灭疟疾继续成为可行的目标,就迫切需要开发新的工具。 eLife发表的一项初步研究表明,改变蚊子的肠道基因,使其将抗疟基因传播给下一代蚊子,有望成为遏制疟疾的一种方法。

这项研究是利用CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑技术对蚊子基因进行改变的一系列步骤中的最新一步,这些基因可能会降低蚊子传播疟疾的能力。如果进一步的研究支持这一方法,它将为减少疟疾引起的疾病和死亡提供一种新的方法也是控制疟疾的很有希望的工具

基因驱动作为一种新的方法正在被测试。他们的工作原理是制造转基因蚊子,一旦被释放到环境中,就会传播基因,这些基因要么会减少蚊子的数量,要么会降低昆虫传播疟原虫的可能性。在将转基因蚊子释放到野外之前,科学家必须证明这种方法是安全和有效的。

研究人员对传播疟疾的蚊子冈比亚按蚊进行了基因改造。他们使用CRISPR-Cas9技术在蚊子进食血粉后打开的基因中插入了一种编码抗疟蛋白的基因。研究小组这样做的方式,使整个部分的DNA也发挥了基因驱动作用,可以传递给大多数蚊子的后代。他们最初将该基因与荧光标记一起插入,以帮助他们在DNA中的三个不同点追踪该基因,然后移除该标记,只留下一个小的基因修饰。

同调方向修正冈比亚按蚊CRISPR/Cas9中肠位点

接下来,研究小组培育了这些蚊子,看看它们是否能够成功繁殖并保持健康。他们还测试了疟原虫在蚊子体内的发育情况。

恶性疟原虫传输阻塞试验

这个试验提供了初步证据,证明这种基因修饰方法可以创造成功的基因驱动

这些基因改造是被动的,可以在现场进行测试,并经过严格的监管程序,保证它们能够安全有效地阻断寄生虫,不会引起人们对环境中意外传播的担忧。把它们和其他蚊子结合在一起,再加上一种活跃的基因驱动,它们就会变成基因驱动,而不需要任何进一步的改变。这些研究使基因驱动技术在这一领域更接近于作为一种消灭疟疾的策略而被测试。

文章参考:Astrid Hoermann, Sofia Tapanelli, Paolo Capriotti, Giuseppe Del Corsano, Ellen KG Masters, Tibebu Habtewold, George K Christophides, Nikolai Windbichler. Converting endogenous genes of the malaria mosquito into simple non-autonomous gene drives for population replacementeLife, 2021; 10 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.58791

 

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    2021-08-21 clmlylxy
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    2021-07-18 哈哈869

    签到

    0

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    2021-07-18 yangchou

    好文章,共享之。

    0

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TED演讲:基因改造人类将在2030年成为现实?

身为一位科学家,我实在有点害怕在大众面前讲出这件事,因为科学的发展普遍都不会自我设限或自我规范之类的。所以,我认为基因改造人类这件事,我们还要再等等,但很多人并不同意我的观点,他们完全是相反的。他们像是,马力全开,全力冲刺,让我们开始制造订制婴儿吧!

这一天终于来了:人体基因改造疗法正式启动

布莱恩·马度(Brian Madeux)今年44岁。除了身材比普通人要矮小不少外,这名中年男子并没有什么容易引人关注的地方。今天,布莱恩成为了全世界的关注焦点:他是人类历史上首名接受基因改造疗法的人。

[主题不合适]Nature Chemical Biology:花18小时曝光的彩色照片,为何让科学家如此兴奋?

研究者对微生物进行基因改造,使它们能感知红光、绿光或蓝光,并拍出它们“见到”的景象。 为了展现合成生物学的魔力,研究者赋予了细菌原始的色觉,并让它们“画”出见到的景象。 这种基因改造的大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)能感知红光、绿光和蓝光(RGB),并产出相应颜色的色素作为反应。向培养皿打光就能让细菌创作出彩色“照片”——不过曝光时间要整整18小时。

外媒关注中国对奶牛进行基因改造:可抵抗结核病

来自中国西北农林科技大学的研究人员利用一种名为CRISPR的技术,对20头奶牛植入了一种与抗结核病相关的基因,其中11头牛活过了3个月。