Stroke : 心血管重塑,居然和脑白质病变有关?

2021-11-02 Freeman MedSci原创

神经轴突变性,而不是淀粉样变或小胶质细胞,可能与心血管结构重塑和白质损伤之间的路径更相关

左心室(LV)质量指数( Left ventricular (LV) mass index is)的增加是反映心脏心室壁亚临床重塑的影像学生物标志物。左心室质量指数增加与认知能力下降、脑白质大结构损伤和脑白质微结构损伤有关,即使没有左心室肥大(LVH)。然而,左心室质量增加与脑白质变化之间的关联机制仍不清楚。

尽管左心室质量指数和白质微结构之间的关联有可能是由于共同的潜在风险因素,如细胞组织的差异,但有多种途径可以解释左心室质量指数和白质损伤之间的关联。

左心室质量指数增加与脑小血管疾病、中风风险增加和高血压有关。这些病症会导致神经炎症状态,从而导致老年人的白质损伤。例如,小胶质细胞激活的脑脊液(CSF)生物标志物sTREM2与白质损伤有关。小血管疾病也与轴突损伤有关,这可以通过CSF NFL(神经丝轻链)评估,这是一种由大口径有髓轴突组成的蛋白质。不出所料,CSF NFL的浓度也与白质损伤和痴呆有关。

除了脑部小血管疾病外,左心室质量指数的增加也与灰质体积的减少有关。神经变性可通过Wallerian变性破坏邻近的白质,也许是LV质量指数影响脑白质的另一条途径。

最后,阿尔茨海默病的病理可能部分解释了左心室质量指数与白质微结构损伤之间的联系,因为阿尔茨海默病的病理标志Aβ(淀粉样蛋白-β)与白质损伤有关。因此,Aβ、小胶质细胞激活、轴突损伤或与年龄有关的神经变性可能分别代表了LV质量指数影响脑白质微结构的途径。


本研究首先考察了左心室质量指数与CSF中Aβ聚集、小胶质细胞激活(sTREM2)、神经轴突损伤(NFL)和年龄相关的神经变性(total-tau)标志物之间的关系,然后评估CSF生物标志物是否部分地中介(mediate)了以前报道的左心室质量指数与老年人白质微结构之间的联系。

CSF Aβ、sTREM2、NFL和total-tau19都与白质微结构损伤有关.

因此, Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center的Elizabeth E. Moore等人,假设较高的LV质量指数会与这些病理过程的CSF证据有关。还假设这些病理过程将部分地介导左心室质量指数和白质微结构之间的关联。他们测试了认知诊断(认知无障碍[CU]与轻度认知障碍[MCI])或APOE-ɛ4携带者状态是否改变了这些关联,因为较高的LV质量指数与白质微结构损伤之间的关联在MCI患者中最为突出,而APOE-ɛ4独立地损害了成人的白质。

他们纳入接受心脏磁共振、腰椎穿刺和弥散张量成像的范德比尔特记忆与衰老项目(Vanderbilt Memory and Aging Project)参与者(n=142,72±6岁,37%轻度认知障碍[MCI],32%APOE-ε4阳性,LV质量指数51.4±8.1 g/m2,NFL 1070±588 pg/ml)。线性回归和体素分析分别将左心室质量指数与各生物标志物和弥散张量成像指标联系起来。后续模型评估了与MCI和APOE-ε4的相互作用。在LV质量指数与生物标志物和白质微结构显著相关的模型中,他们评估了生物标志物是否介导了白质关联。

在所有参与者中,左心室质量指数与CSF生物标志物没有关系(P>0.33)。左心室质量指数与MCI相互作用(P=0.01),如左心室质量指数较高与MCI参与者的NFL增加有关。在APOE-ε4携带者中也存在相关关系(P=0.02)。

NFL部分介导了左心室质量指数增加对白质损害的13%的影响。

这个研究的重要意义在于发现了:在MCI和APOE-ɛ4患者中,以左心室质量指数增加衡量的亚临床心血管重塑与神经轴突变性有关。神经轴突变性部分反映了较高的左心室质量指数和白质损伤之间的关联。

研究结果强调神经轴突变性,而不是淀粉样变或小胶质细胞,可能与心血管结构重塑和白质损伤之间的路径更相关



原文出处:
Moore EE, Khan OA, Shashikumar N, et al. Axonal Injury Partially Mediates Associations Between Increased Left Ventricular Mass Index and White Matter Damage. Stroke. Published online October 27, 2021:STROKEAHA.121.034349. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.034349

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【论著】平均血小板体积和脑白质高信号对穿支动脉疾病型脑梗死早期神经功能恶化的预测价值

本研究旨在探索MPV及WMH 与PAD 型脑梗死患者发生END 的相关性,以期寻找预测END 发生的危险因素,为改善PAD型脑梗死患者预后开辟新的临床治疗思路。

Biol Psychiatry:多发性硬化症患者白质病变与抑郁的关系

病变位置和负担可能会导致多发性硬化症患者合并抑郁症。多发性硬化症病变不成比例地影响抑郁网络中的束。多发性硬化症+抑郁症的发病率高于多发性硬化症-抑郁症,这主要是由抑郁网络中的疾病引起的。

Nature子刊:晚年抑郁症的大脑认知关系——结构性磁共振成像研究的系统回顾

额叶和颞叶区域较低的厚度或体积以及普遍较低的白质完整性与 LLD 患者的认知能力受损有关

Alzheimers Res Ther:心房颤动对阿尔茨海默病认知能力下降的影响

与窦性心律患者相比,有房颤的AD和aMCI患者的认知功能下降更严重,脑室周围WML更大

Neurology:中风患者和非中风患者的脑白质微结构在3年内的变化有何差异?

无卒中的对照组相比,卒中幸存者在同侧和对侧丘脑、纹状体和小脑束中的白质神经变性仍然较大。白质变性甚至在卒中后数年仍持续存在,并与卒中后的认知障碍有关。

Nature子刊:脑白质病变负荷决定了运动诱导的多巴胺能可塑性和老年工作记忆的提高

这项研究强调了在以神经认知为目标的干预措施中考虑脑血管健康的必要性。