J Thorac Oncol:新冠肺炎诊断的胸部恶性肿瘤患者的明确预测系统

2022-03-19 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

2019年冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎),一种由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2号(SARS-CoV-2)引起的呼吸道感染,已经对医疗保健产生了影响,未来几十年都会感受到这种影响。

背景:2019年冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎),一种由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2号(SARS-CoV-2)引起的呼吸道感染,已经对医疗保健产生了影响,未来几十年都会感受到这种影响。这种不可预测的病毒在全球迅速传播,导致世界卫生组织于2020年3月宣布大流行,截至2021年9月13日,确诊病例超过2.19亿例,死亡450万人。

   早期已经确定,与普通人群相比,某些人群,包括老年人和那些有潜在共病的人,更容易患上严重形式的新冠肺炎,并经历有害的后果。来自单一机构的最初报告报告了患有癌症的患者中相互矛盾的数据,这导致肿瘤学社区创建了登记表,并确定了新冠肺炎对这一脆弱患者群体的真正影响。随着疫情的蔓延,数据确定了预后因素,包括患者人口统计数据、合并症和伴随药物、肿瘤特征和抗癌治疗、新冠肺炎诊断的临床和实验室结果,以及与癌症患者死亡率相关的新冠肺炎相关并发症和新冠肺炎特异性治疗。专业协会开始发布治疗和监测指南,同时医疗环境进行了重组,以适应远程医疗和远程访问,以最大限度地减少患者与受感染医疗系统的接触。胸癌国际新冠肺炎合作(TERAVOLT)是一个活跃的全球登记机构,成立于2020年3月,目的是在全球学术和社区实践中了解新冠肺炎感染对胸部恶性肿瘤患者的影响。鉴于疾病的特点和共同的靶器官,胸部恶性肿瘤患者感染SARS-CoV-2的发病率和死亡率较高,病死率从22%到41%不等。除了报告与发病率和死亡率相关的结果外,TERAVOLT还旨在确定与不良结果相关的风险因素,并为医生提供可能影响新冠肺炎患者存活率的实时治疗数据,并评估对治疗的长期影响以及对患有可治愈和不可治愈的胸部恶性肿瘤患者的治疗延误。这次更新TERAVOLT登记的目的是识别和选择对预后影响最大的变量,以确保我们的患者群体得到持续和及时的护理。

方法:利用TERAVOLT注册的数据,这是一项旨在描述新冠肺炎对胸部恶性肿瘤患者影响的全球研究,我们使用聚类方法、快速倒退选择程序和基于树的模型来筛选和优化广泛的人口学、临床新冠肺炎和癌症特征。

结果:截至2021年4月15日,来自18个国家的1491名连续可评估患者纳入分析。平均观察期42天,共报告361起事件,全因病死率为24.2%。聚类过程在聚类中筛选出大约73个协变量。对13个聚集性和死亡之间的关联进行了进一步的多变量Logistic回归,结果发现5个聚集性与预后显著相关。然后,快速反向递减选择确定了死亡的7个主要决定因素:ECOG-PS(OR 2.47 1.87-3.26)、中性粒细胞计数(OR 2.46 1.76-3.44)、血清降钙素原(OR 2.37 1.64-3.43)、肺炎(OR 1.95 1.48-2.58)、C反应蛋白(CRP)(OR 1.90 1.43-2.51)。新冠肺炎诊断的肿瘤分期(OR1.971.46~2.66)和年龄(OR1.71~1.29~2.26)。所选模型死亡的ROC分析证实了其诊断能力(AUC 0.78;95%CI:0.75-0.81)。诺模图能够将新冠肺炎的死亡率分类在8%到90%的区间内,基于树的模型识别出ECOG-PS、中性粒细胞计数和C反应蛋白是主要的预后决定因素。

表1 死亡关联的最终多变量Logistic模型。以总剩余AIC为停止准则的快速后向降级变量选择。

图1 包括主要死亡决定因素的预后诺模图:肺炎发生(YES Vs NO),年龄(≤65 vs>65岁),中性粒细胞计数(>vs≤正常上限),降钙素原(>vs≤ULN),C反应蛋白(>vs≤ULN),EcoG-PS(≥2 vs 0~1),新冠肺炎分期(IV期vs I~III)。诺模图能够在8%到90%的区间内对新冠肺炎的死亡风险进行分类。在诺模图中,死亡率的决定因素用两个符号表示。一方面,它代表了这个预测器的存在。另一方面,符号♦表示它的缺失。不同决定因素的总和稳定了死亡风险。

图3:Sankey图提供了带有变量分层分类的购物车分析的可视化表达。第一个结节根据EcoG-PS(0-1:1120例患者对≥2:371例患者)进行分离。在ECOG-PS为0-1的患者中,第二次分裂由血清C反应蛋白(正常:741例比高:379例)确定,而在ECOG-PS≥2级的患者中,由中性粒细胞计数(正常:269例比高:102例)确定。在中性粒细胞计数>正常上限(I-III期:26例,CFR38.5%)的患者中,按新冠肺炎诊断的肿瘤分期确定第三代分裂;VS IV期76例,CFR64.5%;CRP>ULN患者血清PCT(PTC正常302例,CFR25.7%vsPTC高:77例,CFR50.5%);CRP≤ULN和中性粒细胞计数≤ULN患者中肺炎的影像学表现(肺炎有2 2 4例,CFR2 5.7%,与肺炎不存在:786例,CFR8.2%。使用SankeyMATIC Web工具创建的逻辑示意图(位于:https://sankeymatic.com/).。CRP:C反应蛋白;PTC:降钙素原;CFR:病死率。有缺失值的患者被纳入为参考词。

结论:从73个变量分析中,确定了7个主要的死亡决定因素。不良的EcoG-PS表现出与新冠肺炎不良预后的最强相关性。通过我们的分析,我们为临床医生提供了一个明确的预测系统,以帮助确定胸部恶性肿瘤和新冠肺炎患者的死亡风险。

原文出处:Whisenant JG,  Baena J,  Cortellini A, et al.A definitive prognostication system for patients with thoracic malignancies diagnosed with COVID-19: an update from the TERAVOLT registry.J Thorac Oncol 2022 Jan 24

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    2022-05-31 minlingfeng
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    2022-12-07 yyj062
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    2022-03-19 ms5000000518166734

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