PlOS MED:阿片类药物与催眠药物联合使用,死亡风险极具增加!

2021-07-18 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

随着社会经济的发展,人们的生存压力逐渐增大,失眠人群越来越多,镇静催眠药的使用率极大增加。镇静催眠药包括第一代的巴比妥类、第二代的苯二氮卓类以及第三代的非苯二氮卓类。

随着社会经济的发展,人们的生存压力逐渐增大,失眠人群越来越多,镇静催眠药的使用率极大增加。镇静催眠药包括第一代的巴比妥类、第二代的苯二氮卓类以及第三代的非苯二氮卓类。其中,巴比妥类是早期药物,由于存在安全隐患,现已经被二代、三代药物取代。苯二氮卓类和非苯二氮卓类已成为老年人最常用的镇静催眠药。

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然而,研究发现苯二氮卓类和非苯二氮卓类药物都能抑制呼吸,这可能会产生致命的心肺效应,特别是在同时使用阿片类药物的患者中。经常以低剂量治疗失眠症的曲唑酮对呼吸系统的影响很小,对于老年患者来说可能是一种更安全的催眠药。

近日,发表在PlOS MED杂志的一项研究,研究人员评估了苯二氮卓类,非苯二氮卓类药物以及曲唑酮对镇静催眠疗效以及安全性。研究发现,在老年人群中,同时接触苯二氮卓和阿片类药物的风险超出了已知的过量服用的可能性,且死亡风险有所增加,这表明需要作出更大的努力来防止使用这种药物组合。

在这项研究中,研究人员使用美国医疗保险数据库进行回顾性队列研究,共纳入400,924 名 65 岁或以上的老年人,他们使用苯二氮卓类药物、非苯二氮卓类或曲唑酮睡眠药物进行治疗。研究终点是院外死亡率和总死亡率。

结果显示,未使用阿片类药物的患者,目前使用苯二氮卓类药物的患者为 32,388 人年,共418 人死亡,其中260 人为院外死亡;使用非苯二氮卓类药物的患者为26,497 人年,总共 227 人死亡,其中150人院外死亡;使用曲唑酮的患者有 16,177 人年,共有256人死亡,其中156人院外死亡。

使用苯二氮卓类药物的院外死亡率和总死亡率( HR:0.99 [95% 置信区间,0.81 至 1.22,p = 0.954] 和 0.95 [0.82 至 1.14,p = 0.513] 和非苯二氮卓类药物的院外死亡率和总死亡率(HR:0.96 [0.76 至 1.23],p = 0.767 和 0.87 [0.72 至 1.05],p = 3)与曲唑酮没有显著差异。

同时使用阿片类药物和催眠药,随访期间死亡率.

另外,在使用阿片类药物的患者中,使用苯二氮卓类药物患者为4,278 人年,90人在院外死亡,总死亡人数为 127人;使用非苯二氮卓类药物患者为 3,541 人年、40例院外死亡和 64 人死亡;使用曲唑酮药物的患者为2,347 人年、19 例院外死亡和 3人死亡。苯二氮卓类药物的院外死亡率和总死亡率(HR:3.02 [1.83 至 4.97],p < 0.001 和 2.21 [1.52 至 3.20],p< 0.001) 和非苯二氮卓类药物(HR:1.98 [1.14 至 3.44],p = 0.015 和 1.65 [1.09 至 2.49],p = 0.018)相对于曲唑酮显著增加。

综上,对于同时使用阿片类药物老年患者来说,苯二氮卓类药物与院外死亡率和总死亡率分别增加 302% 和 221% 相关,非苯二氮卓类药物与院外死亡率和总死亡率分别增加 98% 和 65%。这些发现表明,苯二氮卓类药物与阿片类药物共同使用的危险性超出了已记录的与过量死亡的关联,并表明与阿片类药物联合使用时,非苯二氮卓类药物可能比以前认为的更为危险。

原始出处

Wayne A. Ray ,Cecilia P. Chung,Katherine T. Murray,Beth A. Malow,James R. Daugherty,C. Michael Stein.Mortality and concurrent use of opioids and hypnotics in older patients: A retrospective cohort study.PlOS Med.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003709

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topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/VfsOucy6VrYLsb3neLZRaAc6wjb3NZY4dcD5VXtABSw56icEHZrG2ggGv94OAF8xRKXf5lGoD0hwJcvgibib09FzA/132, createdBy=23d12461270, createdName=刘惠娇, createdTime=Sun Jul 18 18:35:48 CST 2021, time=2021-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. 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  5. 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topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/ofoBNyS72rCIalfibtYMgIicpDIqUj6mGmQNBv4TJrAb7uZwjq9icozW43Y9iaIWzA1BpCEfBNDNGH92v4PylgNNWA/132, createdBy=884d5215004, createdName=ms5964366696741773, createdTime=Sun Jul 18 19:01:27 CST 2021, time=2021-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1000644, encodeId=2f291000644fa, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fdc45546704, createdName=ms1000002082776208, createdTime=Sun Jul 18 18:44:28 CST 2021, time=2021-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1000638, encodeId=85c8100063863, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/VfsOucy6VrYLsb3neLZRaAc6wjb3NZY4dcD5VXtABSw56icEHZrG2ggGv94OAF8xRKXf5lGoD0hwJcvgibib09FzA/132, createdBy=23d12461270, createdName=刘惠娇, createdTime=Sun Jul 18 18:35:48 CST 2021, time=2021-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-07-20 lhlxtx
  6. 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  7. 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topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/ofoBNyS72rCIalfibtYMgIicpDIqUj6mGmQNBv4TJrAb7uZwjq9icozW43Y9iaIWzA1BpCEfBNDNGH92v4PylgNNWA/132, createdBy=884d5215004, createdName=ms5964366696741773, createdTime=Sun Jul 18 19:01:27 CST 2021, time=2021-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1000644, encodeId=2f291000644fa, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fdc45546704, createdName=ms1000002082776208, createdTime=Sun Jul 18 18:44:28 CST 2021, time=2021-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1000638, encodeId=85c8100063863, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/VfsOucy6VrYLsb3neLZRaAc6wjb3NZY4dcD5VXtABSw56icEHZrG2ggGv94OAF8xRKXf5lGoD0hwJcvgibib09FzA/132, createdBy=23d12461270, createdName=刘惠娇, createdTime=Sun Jul 18 18:35:48 CST 2021, time=2021-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-07-18 147c3b86m51暂无昵称

    有帮助

    0

  8. 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objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Tue Jul 20 07:28:42 CST 2021, time=2021-07-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1000651, encodeId=8a781000651a5, content=有帮助, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=15875242542, createdName=147c3b86m51暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Jul 18 19:06:55 CST 2021, time=2021-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1000650, encodeId=f78d10006500f, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, 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topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/VfsOucy6VrYLsb3neLZRaAc6wjb3NZY4dcD5VXtABSw56icEHZrG2ggGv94OAF8xRKXf5lGoD0hwJcvgibib09FzA/132, createdBy=23d12461270, createdName=刘惠娇, createdTime=Sun Jul 18 18:35:48 CST 2021, time=2021-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-07-18 ms5964366696741773

    学习了

    0

  9. 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topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/VfsOucy6VrYLsb3neLZRaAc6wjb3NZY4dcD5VXtABSw56icEHZrG2ggGv94OAF8xRKXf5lGoD0hwJcvgibib09FzA/132, createdBy=23d12461270, createdName=刘惠娇, createdTime=Sun Jul 18 18:35:48 CST 2021, time=2021-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-07-18 ms1000002082776208

    学习了

    0

  10. 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    2021-07-18 刘惠娇

    学习了

    0

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根据一项对约1000人的前瞻性研究数据,童年时期患抑郁症和吸烟会大大增加成年后使用阿片类药物的风险。

JAMA Netw Open:医生知识水平越高,阿片类药物开出率越低!

众所周知,阿片类药物(Opioid)作为镇痛的主要类别,在缓解中度至重度疼痛疗效非常显著,尤其是对癌症造成的剧烈疼痛具有良好的效果。同时,阿片类药物在用于麻醉时可有效抑制气管插管和手术疼痛刺激引起的应

Med J Aust:慢性非癌症疼痛患者停止使用阿片类药物也有可能显著改善临床症状

慢性非癌症疼痛患者停止使用阿片类药物也有可能获得显著的临床改善。

警惕!全球3500万人患有药物滥用障碍,阿片类药物更具危害

众所周知,阿片类药物(Opioid)作为镇痛的主要类别,在缓解中度至重度疼痛疗效非常显著,尤其是对癌症造成的剧烈疼痛具有良好的效果。

JAMA Netw Open:43.8%的新诊断的糖尿病周围神经病变 (DPN)患者使用阿片类药物止痛

近年来,全球糖尿病患者人数不断攀升,据数据显示预计到2030年将增加50%,达到4.39亿。糖尿病周围神经病变 (DPN)是糖尿病患者最常见的血管并发症之一,也是糖尿病患者致残和致死的主要原因。