Neurology:机械取栓 vs 桥接治疗:前循环大血管闭塞卒中患者更倾向于使用BT,功能独立性、再灌注成功率、死亡率指标更优

2022-03-11 Naomi MedSci原创

汇总所有前循环LVO卒中患者研究数据,功能独立性、成功再灌注和死亡率的几率更倾向于使用BT而不是MT。当分析局限于随机对照试验时,两种治疗方法的功能和安全性结果相似(无异质性),但再通率有利于BT组。

      几个国家和国际专业组织建议对症状出现1-3个小时内的缺血性卒中患者使用静脉溶栓(IVT)。以往的随机对照试验(RCT)已证实机械取栓术(MT)治疗血管闭塞(LVO)所致的前循环卒中患者具有良好的疗效和安全性。对于符合这两种治疗条件的患者,目前的指南建议IVT后再进行MT(又名桥接疗法[BT])IVT在实现LVO后再通方面的疗效有限,有报道认为IVT可能延迟MT的启动,导致血栓碎裂和远端迁移,并增加症状性出血(SICH)的风险。因此,几个小组已经调查了BT与MT单独治疗LVO患者的有效性和安全性。先前比较BT和MT的观察性研究的Meta分析表明BT是有利的。然而,这些研究的解释被包括后循环卒中、选择偏差和研究设计中的变化所混淆。

      最近发表了三项新的 RCT 比较 LVO 患者的接受 BT 与 MT 治疗的结果。这三项研究的荟萃分析显示两种治疗的功能独立性和死亡率相当,但与单独接受 MT 的患者相比,血栓切除术(BT)前的 IVT 导致成功再通的可能性更高。这些研究是在亚洲人群中进行的,并且限制了将患者招募到具有 MT 能力的中心,这些因素限制了结果的普遍性。此外,一些方法学因素混淆了结果的解释,包括未能满足预先指定的一项研究中的非劣效性边缘,以及另一项研究的提前终止。将 MT 与 BT 进行比较的第四项 RCT 的初步结果已在 2021 年国际卒中会议上公布,最终结果最近发表。这项研究也未能证明两种治疗方法之间的非劣效性或优越性。包括这四项 RCT 的荟萃分析发现,BT 增加了成功再灌注的几率。最近,在 2021 年世界卒中大会上公布了另外两项研究 BT 与 MT 对比的RCT 结果。对于同时符合 MT 和 IVT 条件的患者的最佳治疗,临床平衡仍然存在。近日,有研究人员通过汇总迄今为止在前循环 LVO 卒中患者中进行的所有观察性和随机研究的数据,比较 BT 与 MT 的疗效和安全性。

      对2021年10月29日至2021年10月29日的生物医学文献数据库进行系统搜索,以确定前瞻性和回顾性研究,比较MT和BT的功能独立性(改良Rankin评分0~2分)和90天死亡率、症状性出血(SICH)和成功率。效果大小用优势比(OR)表示,用随机效应Meta分析进行分析。用I2和Cochrane‘s Q统计量评价异质性。

  • 总共纳入了41项研究,涉及14885名患者。BT组平均年龄±标准差为69±11岁,MT组为70±11岁。所有研究均采用阿替普酶作为溶栓剂。
  • 与MT相比,BT组功能独立的优势比MT高29%(OR=1.29,95%CI 1.16~1.44,I2=42%),再灌注成功的优势比MT高25%(OR=1.25,95%CI=1.08~1.44,I2=42%),死亡率比MT低31%(OR=0.69,95%CI.60~0.80,I2=47%)。两组间患病率相似(OR=1.10,95%CI=0.95~1.28,I2=0%)。
  • 其中6项研究是随机临床试验(RCT),对直接到MT中心就诊的患者进行意向治疗分析。当仅对这6项随机对照试验(n=2333)进行分析时,两组间的功能独立性(OR=1.08,95%CI=0.91~1.27,I2=0%)、SICH(OR=1.37,95%CI=0.95~1.97,I2=0%)或死亡率(OR=0.93,95%CI=0.74~1.16,I2=0%)均无差异。然而,BT组再灌注成功率更优(OR=1.35,95%CI=1.06~1.73,I2=0%)。

      整个数据集的功能独立性、成功再灌注和死亡率的几率更倾向于使用BT而不是MT(中等异质性和低质量的证据)。当分析局限于随机对照试验时,两种治疗方法的功能和安全性结果相似(无异质性),但再通率有利于BT组(无异质性)。由于这些发现在不具备MT能力的中心或使用其他溶栓剂的患者中可能有所不同,因此需要进一步的随机对照试验。

文献来源:Trifan G, Biller J, Testai FD. Mechanical Thrombectomy vs Bridging Therapy for Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis [published online ahead of print, 2022 Feb 16]. Neurology. 2022;10.1212/WNL.0000000000200029. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000200029

 

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    2022-12-10 yinhl1978
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近日,研究人员对接受颅内动脉瘤血管内修复治疗的患者进行了ENCT随机对照试验。研究发现医源性脑梗死与不同量表评估下的术后(1-4天)、30天结局的细微差异有关,早期的功能障碍与后期差异相关。

Lancet Neurology: 金刚烷胺、莫达非尼和哌甲酯治疗多发性硬化症疲劳的安全性和有效性:一项随机、交叉、双盲试验

疲劳,定义为个人在日常活动中感觉到的身体或精神能量的主观缺乏,是多发性硬化症(MS)最常见和致残的症状之一,并且在患病期间的某个时间点影响超过75%的患者。

JAMA子刊:二线免疫治疗在肾癌随机对照试验中的应用

联合免疫治疗方案的临床益处可能被高估了。

拓展阅读

Neurology:常压高氧联合血管内治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的随机对照临床研究

近日,一项发表在Neurology上的研究发现与 AIS 患者单独血管内治疗相比,NBO 联合血管内治疗似乎是一种安全可行的治疗策略,可显著减少梗死体积,改善短期神经行为测试评分,90天改善临床预后。

Neurology:儿童后循环卒中和前循环卒中的比较研究

由此可见,在新生儿和儿童中,ACAIS比PCAIS更常见,相比于ACAIS儿童,PCAIS患儿年龄较大,CCAD发生率较高,临床卒中严重程度较低,并且预后较好。

AIM:颅外颈动脉疾病及近端前循环卒中患者的动脉内治疗

背景:颅外颈动脉疾病(ECD)的存在与颅内近端闭塞引起的急性缺血性卒中患者预后不良有关。在颅内和颅外病灶的急性动脉内治疗(IAT)被认为是具有挑战性的,且这种治疗是否能改善预后仍然是不确定的。目的:确定ECO的存在是否有益于前循环颅内动脉近端闭塞后IAT的效果。设计:对一项荷兰急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗的随机临床试验进行亚组分析。设置:荷兰16所医院。患者:前循环颅内动脉近端闭塞致急性缺血性脑卒中。