Nature Microbiology:病毒研究领域新突破

2019-04-16 胖胖同学 iNature

病毒感染的爆发是健康的重要威胁。虽然Ⅰ型干扰素(IFN-Ⅰ)具有广谱的抗病毒作用,但其对宿主细胞的抗病毒作用很大程度上受到病毒的限制。如何提高IFN-Ⅰ的抗病毒效果还有待进一步探讨。2019年4月15号,苏州大学郑慧、熊思东、董春升研究团队等人在Nature microbiology上在线发表了题为ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP11 modulates the interf

病毒感染的爆发是健康的重要威胁。虽然Ⅰ型干扰素(IFN-Ⅰ)具有广谱的抗病毒作用,但其对宿主细胞的抗病毒作用很大程度上受到病毒的限制。如何提高IFN-Ⅰ的抗病毒效果还有待进一步探讨。2019年4月15号,苏州大学郑慧、熊思东、董春升研究团队等人在Nature microbiology上在线发表了题为ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP11 modulates the interferon antiviral response by mono-ADP-ribosylating the ubiquitin E3 ligase β-TrCP的研究论文。该研究更新了对β-TrCP如何调节其底物的理解,并可能为提高IFN抗病毒效果提供一个可治疗的靶点。

尽管在开发针对特定病毒的药物方面取得了进展,但这些药物远远不足以应付病毒频繁突变的情况。这突出了开发广谱抗病毒药物的重要性和紧迫性.干扰素(IFN)家族具有广谱的抗病毒活性,比任何合成化合物都要多样化得多。然而,IFN在宿主细胞中的抗病毒作用主要受细胞内信号或病毒感染的影响,这限制了IFN在多种病毒治疗中的应用。

Ⅰ型干扰素(IFN-I)通过IFN-I受体(IFN-α/β受体亚基1和IFNAR 2)激活Janus激酶信号转导和转录激活因子(JAK-STAT)信号,进而诱导STAT 1-STAT 2-IRF 9转录复合物的形成。该复合物在IFN刺激基因(ISGS)启动子内与IFN刺激的反应元件(ISRE)1结合,最终诱导抗病毒ISGS的表达。到目前为止,确定可用于增强IFN抗病毒反应的可服药的负调节因子仍然是一项重大挑战。在研究中,注意到在众多的负调控机制中,IFN-I受体的下调将导致IFN-I抗病毒反应的灾难性缺乏。最近的报道表明,病毒感染和IFN-I治疗都促进IFN-Ⅰ受体IFNAR 1的泛素化和降解,从而极大地限制了IFN-i3-7的抗病毒作用。这些发现有助于理解在临床环境下IFN-I治疗的低效.因此,维持IFNAR 1蛋白的稳定性对于提高IFN-I的抗病毒效果至关重要。

靶向翻译后修饰的药物为许多疾病的治疗提供了很大的希望。因此,研究人员筛选了一些可用的翻译后修饰靶向药物,然后转向蛋白ADP-核糖基化。ADP-核糖基化是一种复杂的蛋白质修饰,它将一个或多个ADP-核糖单元从NAD转移到目标蛋白,产生蛋白质单(ADP-核糖基)化(MAR化)或聚(ADP-核糖基)化(PAR基化)。ADP-核糖基化在许多生物过程中起着重要的作用。

ADP-核糖基化反应是由一组ADPribosylTransase(也称为聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PAPS)催化的.PARP抑制剂的使用已显示出巨大的治疗潜力。美国食品和药物管理局批准的第一种PARP抑制剂,olaparib,用于治疗BRCA 1/2突变的卵巢癌。2016年,另一种PARP抑制剂rucaparib被食品和药物管理局批准用于治疗卵巢癌。然而,PAPS在天然免疫调节中的作用还没有被探讨过。最近的研究报道了PARP 1和PARP 1参与NF-κB的活化。PARP 9和PARP 13不具有ADP-核糖基化活性,可抑制病毒感染:PARP 9调控组蛋白甲基化,从而影响某些抗病毒基因的表达,PARP 13直接针对细胞信使RNA或特异性病毒RNA对抗病毒。然而,ADP-核糖基化活性在先天抗病毒免疫中是否起任何作用尚不清楚。

在此,研究人员确认ADP-核糖转移酶聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶家族成员11(PARP 11)是IFN-I抗病毒作用的有效调节因子。PARP 11不限制水泡性口炎病毒或仙台病毒诱导的IFN-Ⅰ的产生,但抑制IFN-I激活信号的强度。同时,PARP 11单ADP-核糖基化泛素E3连接酶β-转导素重复序列蛋白(β-TrCP).β-TrCP的单ADP-核糖基化促进干扰素α/β受体亚基1(IFNAR 1)的泛素化和降解.此外,病毒感染(包括水泡性口炎病毒、单纯疱疹病毒-1型和甲型流感病毒)可上调PARP 11的表达,从而促进ADP-核糖基化介导的病毒逃逸。研究进一步强调临床ADP-核糖基化抑制剂的重新用途的潜力.研究人员们发现,rucaparib可以靶向PARP 11来稳定IFNAR 1,因此能够有效地增强IFN-I信号和宿主抗病毒反应。因此,rucaparib使小鼠对病毒感染更有抵抗力。该研究更新了对β-TrCP如何调节其底物的理解,并可能为提高IFN抗病毒效果提供一个可治疗的靶点。

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    2019-07-13 sunylz
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    2020-03-01 zxxiang
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    2019-10-27 liye789132251

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