Sci Transl Med:科学家揭示百日咳重现的原因

2018-04-09 佚名 “细胞”微信号

近日,一项刊登在国际杂志Science Translational Medicine上的研究报告中,来自乔治亚州立大学等机构的科学家们通过研究发现,百日咳的再现或许是美国高效疫苗不完全覆盖可预见的一种结果,这一研究发现或许与科学界普遍存在的理论相违背,即尽管我们在很小的时候就进行了疫苗接种,但为何仍然会出现百日咳发病率稳步增长的趋势。

近日,一项刊登在国际杂志Science Translational Medicine上的研究报告中,来自乔治亚州立大学等机构的科学家们通过研究发现,百日咳的再现或许是美国高效疫苗不完全覆盖可预见的一种结果,这一研究发现或许与科学界普遍存在的理论相违背,即尽管我们在很小的时候就进行了疫苗接种,但为何仍然会出现百日咳发病率稳步增长的趋势。

研究者Pejman Rohani教授表示,这项研究非常重要,因为其揭示了,尽管百日咳病例数不断在增加,但百日咳的流行病学状况似乎并未发生改变,相反,这体现了几十年来人们进行疫苗接种所带来的一种功能,同时这也是一种需要很长时间才能显现出来的效果。百日咳是一种由百日咳鲍特菌所诱发的呼吸道感染性疾病,岂会引发婴幼儿出现严重的感染,常规的疫苗接种始于20世纪40年代,自疫苗开始接种后,百日咳报告的患者数量减少了100倍,截止到目前为止,研究人员消除这种疾病似乎是可能的,但从20世纪70年代中期开始,百日咳似乎又开始卷土重来了。

研究者Rohani及其同事对来自马塞诸塞州的长期监测数据进行了分析试图解释其中的原因,关于百日咳病例增加,目前最流行的一种理论就是新一代百日咳疫苗似乎存在一些缺点,但研究人员表示,目前并无证据指示这一点。相反,他们发现,如今的百日咳疫苗就好像早些时候的疫苗一样,在很大程度上能够非常有效地发挥作用,尽管其并未给那些接种过疫苗的人群提供百分之百的终身保护能力。

文章中,研究者发现,当疫苗开始被引入时,疫苗较高的接种率会导致百日咳在人群中的传播率明显下降,甚至于一些未接种过疫苗的人群似乎也不太可能会染上这种病;然而,随着接种个体年龄不断增长,在某些个体中疫苗所能承担的保护作用慢慢开始减弱,此外,在疫苗接种之前的数天里,那些感染百日咳而幸免的极少数人群会获得终身的免疫力。

这就意味着,对百日咳易感的人群的数量会缓慢增长,从而就为增加新病例的数量创造了条件,尤其是在老年人群中。本文研究能够更好地帮助研究人员未来进行疫苗接种的推广和指导,尤其是应该针对学龄儿童,因此研究人员认为这一群体似乎应该是百日咳疫苗接种的重点关注人群,而并不是对成人疫苗的接种过于关注;后期研究人员还将进一步分析本文的研究结果,来评估后期如何进行疫苗的强化,从而更好地促进人们抵御百日咳鲍特菌感染的能力。

原始出处:

Matthieu Domenech de Cellès,et al. The impact of past vaccination coverage and immunity on pertussis resurgence. Sci Transl Med. 2018 Mar 28;10(434). pii: eaaj1748.

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    2018-04-12 bsmagic9140
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