PNAS:现代人为啥骨头轻?因为“宅”

2014-12-24 佚名 科学网

与黑猩猩等人类近亲相比,现代人类的骨骼结构非常特殊:一方面我们有着更大的骨架,因为直立行走,下肢骨关节的接触面也更大;另一方面我们的骨骼重量却明显相对较轻。是什么因素导致了人类骨骼的轻量化,这样的变化又是发生在什么时候呢?最新的研究表明,这一变化其实发生在相对晚近的年代,最早不超过全新世的开始,也就是12000年前,而在人类的某些族群中,这样的轻量化甚至发生得更晚。 这一研究结果发表在今天的《美

与黑猩猩等人类近亲相比,现代人类的骨骼结构非常特殊:一方面我们有着更大的骨架,因为直立行走,下肢骨关节的接触面也更大;另一方面我们的骨骼重量却明显相对较轻。是什么因素导致了人类骨骼的轻量化,这样的变化又是发生在什么时候呢?最新的研究表明,这一变化其实发生在相对晚近的年代,最早不超过全新世的开始,也就是12000年前,而在人类的某些族群中,这样的轻量化甚至发生得更晚。

这一研究结果发表在今天的《美国国家科学院院刊》(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U. S. A.)上,美国、英国、德国与南非的研究人员组成的国际团队共同完成了这一研究。他们对现代人类、黑猩猩,以及包括非洲南方古猿(Australopithecus africanus)、罗百氏傍人(Paranthropus robustus)、尼安德特人(Homo neanderthalensis)以及早期智人(H. sapiens)在内的古人类化石的骨骼进行了高清造影,分析了他们的骨骼结构。研究人员惊讶地发现,与黑猩猩或者人类遥远的祖先相比,我们关节处的骨骼密度明显更低。数据表示,从时间上来说,骨骼密度的显著降低发生在全新世的开始,而人类下肢骨密度的降低程度比上肢更严重。

人类演化史中骨骼密度的变化。图中从左至右分别表现的是黑猩猩、南方古猿、尼安德特人和现代智人。图片:AMNH/J. Steffey

“虽然几个世纪以来人类的骨骼一直是重要的研究对象,但这还是我们第一次发现现代人类关节的密度更低,哪怕在农田里劳作的古人类也是如此。”本文作者之一,美国自然历史博物馆人类学部馆长、乔治华盛顿大学研究教授布莱恩·里士满(Brain Richmond)表示。

“实验结果出乎我们的意料,在过去,自然环境下生活的人类先祖与旁支们都具有致密的骨骼,甚至我们种族的早期成员,在不远的两万年前,也有着和黑猩猩它们一样致密的骨骼,但在更晚一些的时间,当人类定居下来,开始使用农具种植所需的粮食之后,人类的骨密度大幅下降了,”里士满教授说,“在绝大部分史前时期,当古人类还以狩猎为生的时候,我们祖先的活动范围远大于现在。”

最后,里士满教授表示:“当我们不清楚我们的身体的演化历史的时候,我们是无法完全理解我们身体健康的现状的。在这样的运动模式剧烈切换的条件下,了解人类骨骼如何演化,对于我们来说有着非常重要的意义。”

原始出处

Habiba Chirchir, Tracy L. Kivell, Christopher B. Ruff, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Kristian J. Carlson,Bernhard Zipfel, and Brian G. Richmond. Recent origin of low trabecular bone density in modern humans. PNAS, December 22, 2014

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    2015-06-12 drwjr
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    2015-04-12 x35042875

    患OS这个疾病的高风险人群提供干预措施以避免不良预后和机械治疗措施

    0

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    2015-11-22 redcrab
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1855678, encodeId=f7a218556e812, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Fri Jun 12 17:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=20954, encodeId=39f9209549e, content=患OS这个疾病的高风险人群提供干预措施以避免不良预后和机械治疗措施, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20150920/IMG55FDE671A89482379.jpg, createdBy=cef3108336, createdName=x35042875, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 07:53:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1721819, encodeId=0d351e21819b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=01811016363e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#骨头#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101636, encryptionId=01811016363e, topicName=骨头)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9cd033099978, createdName=redcrab, createdTime=Sun Nov 22 10:35:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16537, encodeId=e1081653ec1, content=?学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Thu Feb 19 21:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-19 orthoW

    ?学习了

    0