DIABETES METAB:中国CDC发布糖尿病负担地图:东北、西北负担最重,近30年国人因血糖高死亡率增加了60%

2018-11-01 卢芳 中国循环杂志

中国是全球头号糖尿病大国:每4位糖尿病患者中就有1位来自中国。

中国是全球头号糖尿病大国:每4位糖尿病患者中就有1位来自中国。

根据全国调查数据,2002年成人糖尿病患病率估计为2.6%,仅仅5年后,2007年迅速增加到9.7%,2013年增长为10.9%。2016年,约9千万国人患糖尿病。

近期中国疾控中心(CDC)周脉耕等通过分析1990~2016年糖尿病及高空腹血糖的疾病负担发现:中青年(15~49岁)糖尿病患病率迅猛增加。

作者称,同西方国家相比,中国糖尿病蔓延速度快、相对早发而且糖尿病的知晓率和治疗率都较低。

研究显示,2016年,有14万人死于糖尿病,其中51%是男性。糖尿病和糖尿病肾病死亡率分别增加了63.5%和33.3%。糖尿病年龄标准化死亡率从1990年的10.8/10万人上升到2000年的13.2/10万人,2016年回落到10.0/10万人。

在1990~2006年,归因于高空腹血糖的死亡率增加了59.5%,从41.9/10万人上升到66.9/10万人。主要体现在缺血性心脏病、脑卒中和糖尿病。

值得注意的是,糖尿病和糖尿病肾病死亡率在15~49岁的糖尿病患者中增加更快。

作者特别指出,中国吃的大部分谷物都是精制的,如白米和精制面粉,使饮食中的血糖负荷过重,从而导致糖尿病风险增加。

1990~2016年期间,糖尿病所致伤残调整生命年(DALY)上升了95%,但年龄标准化DALY上升了2.3%,作者认为这与人口增长和老龄化有关。

2016年,我国糖尿病疾病负担最高的地区集中在东北和西北,天津、新疆、辽宁省尤为突出,标化DALY率超过了600人年/10万,其中天津市最高达696.1人年/10万;香港、湖北和浙江省最低,其中香港为279.5人年/10万。

从地区来看,这26年来,14个省份糖尿病所致年龄标准化DALY下降,但在19个省份却增加。其中下降最快的是香港、广东省和福建省,而北京、青海省和山东省增长最快。

2016年,空腹血糖成为国人DALY第6位危险因素,导致的DALY损失达1802.3/10万人。

糖尿病的蔓延,是生物进化与当今外界环境间不协调的结果。而中国经济飞速发展,城市化进程加快,使得人们的生活方式、饮食习惯都有较大变化。

研究显示,肥胖,全谷物、坚果和种子类食物的摄入减少是当前糖尿病的最重要危险因素。

为遏制糖尿病,目前健康中国2030以及《中国防治慢性病中长期规划(2017~2025年)》等已经开始落地。全民健康生活方式行动等项目也已行动。

曾经一篇发表在lancet上的文章指出,如果想让中国的所有糖尿病患者得到国家出钱的常规护理,那么花费可能会占到中国医疗保健开支的一半以上。

研究者也强调,防控糖尿病和高血糖症,不仅可改善公众健康,也是促进中国经济可持续发展的重要举措。

这项研究中,研究者根据全球疾病负担2016(GBD2016)的分析策略,就1990~2016年全国33个省市糖尿病和高空腹血糖的疾病负担进行了分析。

原始出处:
Liu M, Liu SW, Wang LJ, et al. Burden of diabetes, hyperglycaemia in China from to 2016: Findings from the 1990 to 2016, global burden of disease study. Diabetes Metab. 2018 Sep 6. doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2018.08.008.

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    2019-10-17 guojianrong
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    2019-03-16 一闲
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    2018-11-01 misszhang

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