PNAS:单糖竟是肠道菌群紊乱真凶之一!

2018-12-19 Ruthy 转化医学网

肠道菌群在维持机体健康稳态中起至关重要的作用,而肠道微生物是宿主与微生物长期协同进化过程中相互选择和适应形成的,其稳态自然也与宿主提供的生存环境息息相关。大量的研究表明饮食提供的营养素是肠道菌群生存和发挥功能的重要保障,但食物摄取对肠道菌群的作用仅限于提供营养源吗?近日,耶鲁大学医学院的研究人员指出,单糖竟然另辟蹊径,它不是肠道菌群的营养源!它竟可以沉默一些重要共生菌的启动蛋白,从而抑制这些共生菌

肠道菌群在维持机体健康稳态中起至关重要的作用,而肠道微生物是宿主与微生物长期协同进化过程中相互选择和适应形成的,其稳态自然也与宿主提供的生存环境息息相关。大量的研究表明饮食提供的营养素是肠道菌群生存和发挥功能的重要保障,但食物摄取对肠道菌群的作用仅限于提供营养源吗?近日,耶鲁大学医学院的研究人员指出,单糖竟然另辟蹊径,它不是肠道菌群的营养源!它竟可以沉默一些重要共生菌的启动蛋白,从而抑制这些共生菌的产生!

我们知道,糖类发酵是肠道微生物的核心活动,能促使结肠能量和碳源的再利用。肠道菌群中占支配地位的细菌,包括短链脂肪酸( SCFAs) 的产生菌和专门发酵寡糖的菌种(双歧杆菌等) 协作,在初步降解复杂的植物多糖中起关键作用,使复杂难消化的膳食糖类有效转化成SCFAs,供肠道共生微生物菌群和宿主使用,机体日常需要能量的10%来自结肠发酵。这是肠道菌群对多糖的利用,其对单糖作用途径是否与之相同呢?

不是的。我们曾经误以为只有部分多糖可以到达肠道菌群所在的结肠,单糖应该在小肠就被完全吸收,所以一直没有将目光分给单糖。但是,此番研究人员证实了单糖是可以到达结肠的!单糖可使利用粘膜聚糖的细胞扩张,逃脱小肠的吸收,而且其在肠道菌群代谢的衍生产物还可进入宿主血液!那么,当单糖“千辛万苦”到达肠道菌群后,发生了什么呢?

研究人员重点分析了小鼠高单糖饮食对一种有益细菌—多形拟杆菌的影响。多形拟杆菌是人类肠道菌群中最常见的成分之一,与宿主共生,与人体消瘦和健康息息相关。同时其也是一种机会性病原体,可以感染暴露于肠道菌群的组织,其多糖代谢能力使其成为肠道菌群其他成分的重要食物来源。

研究人员发现,与喂食高多糖食物的小鼠相比。喂食高单糖食物的小鼠肠道菌群中多形拟杆菌的丰度低了整整两倍!也就是说,高单糖饮食严重降低了多形拟杆菌的生存能力!这是为什么?


单糖严重降低了roc蛋白含量

这就得提一下多形拟杆菌定植于肠道的必要因素—BT3172基因了。BT3172基因的表达产物是被称为“结肠调节剂”的roc蛋白,其可通过调节复合多糖的利用促进多形拟杆菌以饮食依赖的方式进行肠道定植,而且,roc蛋白同时还控制了自身配体的表达。

研究人员证实,roc蛋白对单糖的代谢无能为力,反倒是被单糖调控了生死!高浓度单糖可与BT3172基因转录的roc mRNA的5'前导序列结合,引发roc蛋白沉默,其配体随之无迹可寻,最终导致多形拟杆菌难以在肠道顺利定植,该菌丰度自然受到严重影响。当多形拟杆菌大量消失时,肠道菌群生态紊乱,肥胖等代谢疾病也将纷至沓来。


单糖抑制roc mRNA的5'前导序列

同时,研究人员还发现,只要让BT3172基因产生单糖抗性突变,即不转录出正常的roc mRNA的5'前导序列,高单糖饮食对多形拟杆菌的肠道定植就无计可施,也自然不会让多糖代谢途径受损了。也就是说,单糖与roc mRNA的结合是多形拟杆菌定植受制的关键。



BT3172基因产生单糖抗性突变缓解了单糖对对Roc的抑制作用,同时增强多形拟杆菌定植

这是否意味着不应该摄入单糖呢?也不是。万事皆过犹不及,多形拟杆菌既是共生菌,同时也是病原体的后备军之一,也需要足够的单糖将其丰度控制在健康的范围内。所以,食物中合理的单糖、多糖配比才是必须解决的难题,而单糖含量高到令人咂舌的食物,大家还是少吃为妙吧。

原始出处:

Guy E. Townsend II,et al.Dietary sugar silences a colonization factor in a mammalian gut symbiont.PNAS.December 17, 2018

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    2019-09-09 drwjr
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    2018-12-21 kafei

    学习了谢谢

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近年来,肠道菌群(gut microbiota)与健康和几种疾病的病情有关。然而,仅少数研究探究了发生变化的肠道菌群是否能够直接影响疾病。

肠道菌群,你还有多少不为人知的功能?

肠道菌群,一个你看不见它的存在,但是它却分分钟可以让你坐立不安,上蹿下跳的一个物种。但是你以为它仅仅是待在那儿,吃着你的残羹冷炙,偶尔给你来那么一下子让你瘫软一下,然后就这么享受岁月静好吗?那你就错了。肠道菌群可真没这么简单,这是一群非常喜欢搞事情的家伙,不过用「群」似乎体现不了它们数量级的强大,不过估且这么说吧。它们的存在,关系到了你作为「人」的方方面面,它们的代谢产物可以影响你的胖瘦,机体的免

Immunity:刷新认知!肠道菌群竟影响寿命!导致衰老!

肠道菌群是构成人体免疫体系的关键重要因素,渗透参与到免疫系统的前端、终端、末端,一旦免疫系统遭袭,肠道菌群往往也无法幸免于难,肠道菌群失调症就是免疫紊乱难以避免的后果之一。在我们的固有认知里,肠道菌群失调是共生菌抑制和/或致病菌繁殖的结果,然而,近日EPFL全球卫生研究所Bruno Lemaitre实验室的研究人员却指出,我们常规划分为共生(益生)菌的乳酸杆菌,当免疫系统遭袭时,竟会大量繁殖!

Nat Med:细菌移植能缓解癌症免疫治疗引起的结肠炎

《自然-医学》本周在线发表的一项研究Fecal microbiota transplantation for refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis通过移植健康捐赠者的肠道细菌,对两名癌症患者因免疫治疗引起的重度结肠炎进行了治疗。

Cell Host Microbe:厉害了,我的姜!中国科学家首次证实生姜中的类外泌体,可以调节肠道菌群改善肠道健康

近日,路易斯维尔大学的Yun Teng和Huang-Ge Zhang等就发现,姜中的类外泌体颗粒中的小RNA,会影响肠道菌群,从而完善肠道的屏障功能,减轻小鼠的结肠炎。

MBio:2岁时的肠道菌群“并不简单” 可预测肥胖?

近视和肥胖是困扰当下儿童的两大健康问题。据WHO官网数据,2016年全球有超3.4亿名5-19岁儿童和青少年超重或肥胖。那么,如何预防肥胖?近日,科学家们提出一个思路:通过婴儿时期的肠道菌预测以后肥胖的风险,从而及早、合理规避。