NEJM:急性中耳炎患儿的抗菌药时间是否应该缩短?

2016-12-24 MedSci MedSci原创

限制抗微生物治疗的持续时间是降低急性中耳炎儿童的抗微生物耐药性的一项潜在策略。近期,一项发表在NEJM杂志上的文章研究了减少给予抗生素时间对急性中耳炎患儿是否有利。研究者们予以520名6个月至23个月龄的急性中耳炎儿童阿莫西林 - 克拉维酸治疗,分为10天的标准持续时间治疗组以及5天治疗持续时间后为5天的安慰剂治疗组。研究者们监测了临床反应率(以系统的方式,基于体征和症状反应)、复发和鼻咽定植菌。

限制抗微生物治疗的持续时间是降低急性中耳炎儿童的抗微生物耐药性的一项潜在策略。

近期,一项发表在NEJM杂志上的文章研究了减少给予抗生素时间对急性中耳炎患儿是否有利。

研究者们予以520名6个月至23个月龄的急性中耳炎儿童阿莫西林 - 克拉维酸治疗,分为10天的标准持续时间治疗组以及5天治疗持续时间后为5天的安慰剂治疗组。

研究者们监测了临床反应率(以系统的方式,基于体征和症状反应)、复发和鼻咽定植菌。症状评分范围从0分到14分,较高的数字表示更严重的症状。

此项研究结果显示:使用阿莫西林 - 克拉维酸治疗5天的儿童比接受10天治疗的儿童更有可能发生临床治疗失败(238名儿童中有77名[34%]vs.238名中有39名儿童[16%];差异为17%; 95%CI,9-25)。

第6天至第14天的平均症状评分在5天组为1.61,在10天组为1.34(P = 0.07);在第12天至第14天评估的平均得分是1.89 vs.1.20(P = 0.001)。 

5天组中症状评分从基线到治疗结束降低超过50%(表示不太严重的症状)的儿童的百分比低于10天组(227名儿童中的181名[80%] vs. 233名中的211 [91%],P = 0.003)。

此外,研究者们发现复发率、不良事件或鼻咽定植与青霉素不敏感的病原体在两组之间没有显著性差异。

每周接触三个或更多儿童达10小时或更多小时的儿童的临床失败率较那些低接触频率的儿童更高(P = 0.02);此外,接触两个耳朵感染的儿童的临床失败率也较接触一个耳朵感染的儿童的更高(P <0.001)。

此项研究得出结论:在6至23个月龄的急性中耳炎患儿中,持续时间短的抗菌治疗的效果较标准治疗效果更差;此外,使用较短的抗菌方案,不良事件的发生率和抗微生物药物耐药性的发生率都不会降低。

原始出处:
Hoberman A, Paradise JL, Rockette HE, Kearney DH, Bhatnagar S, Shope TR, Martin JM, Kurs-Lasky M, Copelli SJ, Colborn DK, Block SL, Labella JJ, Lynch TG, Cohen NL, Haralam M, Pope MA, Nagg JP, Green MD, Shaikh N.Shortened Antimicrobial Treatment for Acute Otitis Media in Young Children.N Engl J Med. 2016 Dec 22;375(25):2446-2456. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1606043.

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=166972, encodeId=489d1669e202, content=日常工作中与本文相似,家长抗拒抗生素的用五天,就是易复发。一般用药7一10天, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=165b1995956, createdName=1e1b72afm90(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Dec 31 09:11:35 CST 2016, time=2016-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=166248, encodeId=0e0f166248a2, content=局部感染不用太久, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4BGdu4COj6QWFqgMd3xnWDdgLZKUGI32veZvO2qFAQvpYr1eMbUOTqMvlZWc3MsugtFMHzxDwial/0, createdBy=88731939304, createdName=圣艮山, createdTime=Wed Dec 28 08:40:02 CST 2016, time=2016-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1330550, encodeId=b77f1330550f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c6b455688d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55688, encryptionId=c6b455688d1, topicName=抗菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/2898B09F0DA89357D0D54A725E611AC7/100, createdBy=fdd32500040, createdName=ms7899726347904398, createdTime=Mon Dec 26 13:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1344482, encodeId=adc4134448226, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a01b2239e0b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中耳炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22397, encryptionId=a01b2239e0b, topicName=中耳炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/vLodSSFTQLpHtfwJicWJibSWH7pbiauxvpCMvQIv0N9Oes8vHkDkCIW2HNDkt7icUq3RCZiaDcHR9Rap17fFySRbiaFg/132, createdBy=9f202500205, createdName=ms3297076796458174, createdTime=Mon Dec 26 13:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373003, encodeId=fc3c13e30030f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb2555e176c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55717, encryptionId=eb2555e176c, topicName=抗菌药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e12358, createdName=lhlxtx, createdTime=Mon Dec 26 13:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=165607, encodeId=65f416560e7b, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Sun Dec 25 15:40:37 CST 2016, time=2016-12-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-31 1e1b72afm90(暂无匿称)

    日常工作中与本文相似,家长抗拒抗生素的用五天,就是易复发。一般用药7一10天

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=166972, encodeId=489d1669e202, content=日常工作中与本文相似,家长抗拒抗生素的用五天,就是易复发。一般用药7一10天, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=165b1995956, createdName=1e1b72afm90(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Dec 31 09:11:35 CST 2016, time=2016-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=166248, encodeId=0e0f166248a2, content=局部感染不用太久, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4BGdu4COj6QWFqgMd3xnWDdgLZKUGI32veZvO2qFAQvpYr1eMbUOTqMvlZWc3MsugtFMHzxDwial/0, createdBy=88731939304, createdName=圣艮山, createdTime=Wed Dec 28 08:40:02 CST 2016, time=2016-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1330550, encodeId=b77f1330550f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c6b455688d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55688, encryptionId=c6b455688d1, topicName=抗菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/2898B09F0DA89357D0D54A725E611AC7/100, createdBy=fdd32500040, createdName=ms7899726347904398, createdTime=Mon Dec 26 13:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1344482, encodeId=adc4134448226, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a01b2239e0b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中耳炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22397, encryptionId=a01b2239e0b, topicName=中耳炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/vLodSSFTQLpHtfwJicWJibSWH7pbiauxvpCMvQIv0N9Oes8vHkDkCIW2HNDkt7icUq3RCZiaDcHR9Rap17fFySRbiaFg/132, createdBy=9f202500205, createdName=ms3297076796458174, createdTime=Mon Dec 26 13:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373003, encodeId=fc3c13e30030f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb2555e176c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55717, encryptionId=eb2555e176c, topicName=抗菌药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e12358, createdName=lhlxtx, createdTime=Mon Dec 26 13:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=165607, encodeId=65f416560e7b, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Sun Dec 25 15:40:37 CST 2016, time=2016-12-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-28 圣艮山

    局部感染不用太久

    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=166972, encodeId=489d1669e202, content=日常工作中与本文相似,家长抗拒抗生素的用五天,就是易复发。一般用药7一10天, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=165b1995956, createdName=1e1b72afm90(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Dec 31 09:11:35 CST 2016, time=2016-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=166248, encodeId=0e0f166248a2, content=局部感染不用太久, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4BGdu4COj6QWFqgMd3xnWDdgLZKUGI32veZvO2qFAQvpYr1eMbUOTqMvlZWc3MsugtFMHzxDwial/0, createdBy=88731939304, createdName=圣艮山, createdTime=Wed Dec 28 08:40:02 CST 2016, time=2016-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1330550, encodeId=b77f1330550f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c6b455688d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55688, encryptionId=c6b455688d1, topicName=抗菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/2898B09F0DA89357D0D54A725E611AC7/100, createdBy=fdd32500040, createdName=ms7899726347904398, createdTime=Mon Dec 26 13:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1344482, encodeId=adc4134448226, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a01b2239e0b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中耳炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22397, encryptionId=a01b2239e0b, topicName=中耳炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/vLodSSFTQLpHtfwJicWJibSWH7pbiauxvpCMvQIv0N9Oes8vHkDkCIW2HNDkt7icUq3RCZiaDcHR9Rap17fFySRbiaFg/132, createdBy=9f202500205, createdName=ms3297076796458174, createdTime=Mon Dec 26 13:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373003, encodeId=fc3c13e30030f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb2555e176c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55717, encryptionId=eb2555e176c, topicName=抗菌药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e12358, createdName=lhlxtx, createdTime=Mon Dec 26 13:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=165607, encodeId=65f416560e7b, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Sun Dec 25 15:40:37 CST 2016, time=2016-12-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-26 lhlxtx
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=166972, encodeId=489d1669e202, content=日常工作中与本文相似,家长抗拒抗生素的用五天,就是易复发。一般用药7一10天, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=165b1995956, createdName=1e1b72afm90(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Dec 31 09:11:35 CST 2016, time=2016-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=166248, encodeId=0e0f166248a2, content=局部感染不用太久, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K4BGdu4COj6QWFqgMd3xnWDdgLZKUGI32veZvO2qFAQvpYr1eMbUOTqMvlZWc3MsugtFMHzxDwial/0, createdBy=88731939304, createdName=圣艮山, createdTime=Wed Dec 28 08:40:02 CST 2016, time=2016-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1330550, encodeId=b77f1330550f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c6b455688d1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55688, encryptionId=c6b455688d1, topicName=抗菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/2898B09F0DA89357D0D54A725E611AC7/100, createdBy=fdd32500040, createdName=ms7899726347904398, createdTime=Mon Dec 26 13:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1344482, encodeId=adc4134448226, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a01b2239e0b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#中耳炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22397, encryptionId=a01b2239e0b, topicName=中耳炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/vLodSSFTQLpHtfwJicWJibSWH7pbiauxvpCMvQIv0N9Oes8vHkDkCIW2HNDkt7icUq3RCZiaDcHR9Rap17fFySRbiaFg/132, createdBy=9f202500205, createdName=ms3297076796458174, createdTime=Mon Dec 26 13:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1373003, encodeId=fc3c13e30030f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb2555e176c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗菌药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55717, encryptionId=eb2555e176c, topicName=抗菌药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e12358, createdName=lhlxtx, createdTime=Mon Dec 26 13:06:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=165607, encodeId=65f416560e7b, content=继续学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c0a61971598, createdName=往日如昨, createdTime=Sun Dec 25 15:40:37 CST 2016, time=2016-12-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-25 往日如昨

    继续学习

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