各类胰岛素的注意事项和注射时间!

2018-07-27 张柔媚 复旦大学附属华山医院 药评中心

最近在进行糖尿病用药宣教时,有病人咨询之前使用的是优泌乐25R笔芯现在改用优泌乐50R,而且偶尔药液无法注射。正确使用胰岛素有利于胰岛细胞功能恢复,使糖尿病进程的脚步放缓,提高生活质量和幸福度。现在就胰岛素的要点总结如下。

最近在进行糖尿病用药宣教时,有病人咨询之前使用的是优泌乐25R笔芯现在改用优泌乐50R,而且偶尔药液无法注射。正确使用胰岛素有利于胰岛细胞功能恢复,使糖尿病进程的脚步放缓,提高生活质量和幸福度。现在就胰岛素的要点总结如下。

一、胰岛素的分类

目前使用的胰岛素根据作用时间分为速效胰岛素、短效胰岛素、中效胰岛素、长效胰岛素和预混胰岛素。

预混胰岛素是含有两种胰岛素的混合物,可模拟正常胰岛素生理分泌,同时具有短效和长效胰岛素的作用,短效成分起效迅速控制餐后血糖,中效成分缓慢释放控制空腹血糖。

速效胰岛素类似物可餐前即刻注射,注射次数相对较少,发生低血糖风险较基因合成胰岛素与动物胰岛素低。

二、各类胰岛素注射时间


三、忘记注射如何处理


四、胰岛素的保存

1.未开封使用应在2-8度冷藏于冰箱中,须放置至室温后使用,切勿冷冻。

2.正在使用或随身携带的备用品在室温(不超过25-30度)保存最长4-6周,保存在原包装盒内以避光和过热。

3.外出旅行时应装入随身携带的包中,避免冷、热及反复震荡。

五、使用注意事项

1.避免酗酒、空腹饮酒,因酒精可增加降糖作用易致低血糖

2.不能把瓶装胰岛素与笔芯装胰岛素混合。如果笔芯中剩余少于12个单位请更换笔芯。

3.观察药瓶外观如发现团块或有粘结于瓶底或瓶壁类似“霜”的颗粒出现则不能使用。

4.预混胰岛素使用前,先在手心中水平滚动10次,再180度上下晃动10次至药液呈均匀的混悬状态或乳浊液。

5.同一注射区域内按顺时针方向轮换注射点,任何部位注射均应距上次注射点1cm以上。运动前不要在大腿和上臂注射。

6.每次注射后卸下针头,避免药液从针头漏出造成浪费。如果不卸下针头即使盖上笔帽也可导致细菌通过针管进入笔芯,增加药液污染机会,使药物失效;此外,岛素漏液导致比例改变,影响血糖控制。

7.每次注射应更换针头。重复使用针头会加重注射部位疼痛,造成针头断裂或针管堵塞甚至部分折在体内,影响剂量的准确性。

故该病患发生的药液打不出,过早使用完,均与每次注射后不卸下针头、重复使用针头有关。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1749994, encodeId=c5311e49994fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Sun Dec 16 01:00:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=339393, encodeId=da34339393c6, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Sat Aug 18 21:18:38 CST 2018, time=2018-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=336085, encodeId=df9d33608582, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Fri Aug 03 22:00:30 CST 2018, time=2018-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=334637, encodeId=8b7733463ef2, content=学习学习很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Sat Jul 28 07:13:12 CST 2018, time=2018-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1906745, encodeId=6c781906e45f2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6440650062f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#注意事项#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65006, encryptionId=6440650062f, topicName=注意事项)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6ac207, createdName=xlwang2691, createdTime=Thu May 09 18:00:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=334549, encodeId=dd863345495f, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Fri Jul 27 18:54:34 CST 2018, time=2018-07-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-16 baoya
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1749994, encodeId=c5311e49994fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Sun Dec 16 01:00:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=339393, encodeId=da34339393c6, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Sat Aug 18 21:18:38 CST 2018, time=2018-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=336085, encodeId=df9d33608582, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Fri Aug 03 22:00:30 CST 2018, time=2018-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=334637, encodeId=8b7733463ef2, content=学习学习很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Sat Jul 28 07:13:12 CST 2018, time=2018-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1906745, encodeId=6c781906e45f2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6440650062f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#注意事项#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65006, encryptionId=6440650062f, topicName=注意事项)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6ac207, createdName=xlwang2691, createdTime=Thu May 09 18:00:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=334549, encodeId=dd863345495f, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Fri Jul 27 18:54:34 CST 2018, time=2018-07-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-18 清风拂面

    谢谢分享学习

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1749994, encodeId=c5311e49994fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Sun Dec 16 01:00:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=339393, encodeId=da34339393c6, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Sat Aug 18 21:18:38 CST 2018, time=2018-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=336085, encodeId=df9d33608582, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Fri Aug 03 22:00:30 CST 2018, time=2018-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=334637, encodeId=8b7733463ef2, content=学习学习很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Sat Jul 28 07:13:12 CST 2018, time=2018-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1906745, encodeId=6c781906e45f2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6440650062f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#注意事项#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65006, encryptionId=6440650062f, topicName=注意事项)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6ac207, createdName=xlwang2691, createdTime=Thu May 09 18:00:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=334549, encodeId=dd863345495f, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Fri Jul 27 18:54:34 CST 2018, time=2018-07-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-03 清风拂面

    谢谢分享学习

    0

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    2018-07-28 易水河

    学习学习很好

    0

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    2018-07-27 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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