ESMO: 新型血液测试可实现50多种癌症早发现、早定位

2020-04-02 王昭月 生物探索

早期癌症检测往往是治疗成功的关键,日前,《Annalsof Oncology》发表了一项研究,即cfDNA测序可利用丰富的甲基化模型,在不同阶段检测50多种癌症,同时,开发并验证了一个用于癌症检测和组

早期癌症检测往往是治疗成功的关键,日前,《Annalsof Oncology》发表了一项研究,即cfDNA测序可利用丰富的甲基化模型,在不同阶段检测50多种癌症,同时,开发并验证了一个用于癌症检测和组织起源(tissue of origin,TOO)定位的分类器。


这项测试主要是分析癌细胞DNA上甲基基团排列,因其附着在DNA特定片段上,有助于控制基因活性,而癌细胞中异常甲基化模式比基因突变更明显。

研究人员使用这项测试分析了6689份血液样本中的游离DNA(cell-free DNA),其中4207个样本来自正常人,而2482个来自癌症患者,涉及到包括乳腺癌、结直肠癌、食管、胆囊、膀胱、胃、卵巢、头颈部、肺、淋巴性白血病、多发性骨髓瘤和胰腺癌等50多种癌症类型。并利用含10万多信息甲基化的区域面板对血浆DNA进行亚硫酸氢盐测序。

cfDNA检测法来源:Allen McCrodden

实验分为训练样本(training set)和验证样本(validation set)两部分,研究结果显示该检测法验证样本的特异性可达99.3%。之后,探究占美国癌症死亡人数近2/3的12种癌症的敏感性,结果为67.3%,意味着该检测法可以在癌症发生2/3的时间内检测到,同时,其对Ⅰ-IV期癌症患者的敏感性分别为39%,69%,83%,92%。此外,当癌症被发现时,该检测法正确定位了90%以上病例的癌症起源,这是确定如何诊断和管理疾病的关键信息。


测试甲基cfDNA的特异性、敏感性和定位准确性

该研究的共同作者Oxnard指出,这项测试是筛选人体癌症切实可行的方法,其特异性和敏感性接近人群水平筛查,可构成早期癌症检测临床试验的重要组成部分。

原始出处:
M. C. Liu, et al. Sensitive and specific multi-cancer detection and localization using methylation signatures in cell-free DNA. ESMO. https://www.annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-7534(20)36058-0/pdf

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    2020-04-25 liuhuangbo
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    2020-04-18 飛歌

    学习了很有用不错

    0

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    2020-04-04 zhang92560